Vajpayee, A. (2021). Environmental challenges and critical issues of early intervention for the children of Kharwar tribe. In Pratap, A., Paranjape, B., Shyam, G. 2021 (Eds.). Tribal and Environmental History of India: New Perspectives. Research India Press. New Delhi, Pp 312- 328 Environmental Challenges and Critical Issues of Early Intervention for the Children of Kharwar Tribe Aparna Vajpayee Adamas University Kolkata Abstract It is reflected from the data of government bodies that literacy rate among tribal children is still very poor. Particularly, primary and pre-primary level drop out is an alarming signal for educationist and psychologist to fight on to stop the negative consequences of illiteracy among the tribal children. At first, percentage of children taking admission in school is still very poor as compare to other segments of society. Some who take admission among them, dropout rate is very high especially in high secondary level. In the present study an effort has been made to know the causes of dropout of Kharwar tribal children from the school. Survey has been done to identify the reasons of drop-out because of which tribal children are not able to take admission and then causes which prevail them not to continue in school. Education, thus for the weaker sections of the society needs to become the panacea for an inclusive growth strategy of their economic and social upliftment. Education has special significance for the SCs and STs who are facing a new situation in the developmental processes. Another aspect which has been discussed in the research paper is associated with the critical issue of simulation and intervention program which can ameliorate the negative consequence of illiteracy into the positive educational achievements and cognitive development. Lastly, the focus was on the policy implication strategy is discussed to enhance the literacy rate by removing the barriers in education for tribal children with the implementation of accurate policy adaptation. Key Words: Drop out, Education, Enrolment, Literacy, Tribal Education Introduction Comparative Education Status of tribal education in India India is a home to a large variety of indigenous people. The Scheduled Tribe population represents one of the most economically impoverished and marginalized groups in India. With a population of more than 10.2crores, India has the single largest tribal population in the world. This constitutes 8.6 per cent of the total population of the country (Census of India, 2015). Education is one of the primary agents of transformation towards development. Education is in fact, an input not only for economic development of tribes but also for inner strength of the tribal communities which helps them in meeting the new challenges of life. It is an activity, or a series of activities, or a process which may either improve the immediate living conditions or increase the potential for future living. It is the single most important means by which individuals and society can improve personal endowments,