Phenomenology
LAURA RUSSELL
Denison University, USA
KIMBERLY FIELD-SPRINGER
Berry College, USA
Introduction
As a philosophical framework phenomenology seeks to understand how lived moments
are gauged through human perception and conceived through conscious awareness.
As inherently relational, human experience is always in-the-moment somewhere
surrounded by something(s). Terefore, the interactions between individuals and
their surroundings prompt stimuli that activate an assortment of human senses in
response. How these sensorial experiences, such as sight, smell, taste, and touch
among others, become recognized, interpreted, and expressed is of primary interest
for phenomenology.
History
Te ontological, epistemological, and axiological understandings of various phe-
nomenological traditions difer among philosophers. Philosopher Edmund Husserl,
known as the father of phenomenology, ofered a framework for understanding a
subject’s intentionality for practicing an activity that is both imaginary and/or directly
observed. Husserl’s (1967) transcendental phenomenology investigates perception,
imagination, thought, and emotion by bracketing judgments in order to peel back
layers of rational explanations and get to the essence of an object in our world
prior to linguistic inscription. For instance, possible descriptions of fre may include
that which burns, throws colorful fames, ofers warmth and reassurance, and can
otherwise elicit sensations of horror. Husserl’s method demonstrates how individuals
derive conscious perceptions through deducing meaning from their available sensory
experiences.
Martin Heidegger (1927/1996) takes a diferent stance by instead focusing on the
need to understand a subject’s uptake of phenomena. A subject interacts with all things
simultaneously as a being-in-the-world, also referred to as a dwelling. As an existential
phenomenologist, Heidegger suggests that all objects inherit meaning from our prior
experiences with them. Te act of collecting wood for burning, piling the stack, and
Te International Encyclopedia of Health Communication.
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DOI: 10.1002/9781119678816.iehc0601
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