~ 632 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 632-637 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2016; 4(6): 632-637 © 2016 JEZS Received: 25-09-2016 Accepted: 26-10-2016 Albert J Podung Entomology Doctorate Program, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Odi R Pinontoan Department of Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Sartje Rondonuwu-Lumanauw Department of Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Max Tulung Department of Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Correspondence Albert J Podung Entomology Doctorate Program, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Abundance of mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) as vector of the Japanese encephalitis disease in the pig sties in north Sulawesi, Indonesia Albert J Podung, Odi R Pinontoan, Sartje Rondonuwu-Lumanauw and Max Tulung Abstract The abundance of mosquito species in 4 locations of pig farms with different altitudes in North Sulawesi. This study has the objectives to measure the abundance of mosquito species suspected having a role as vector JE in the pig sties of the 4 different farm locations with different altitudes in North Sulawesi. The result of the research indicates that the differences in the altitudes of the pig farm locations do not affect the number and abundance of the mosquitoes caught, instead it increases availability of an ideal habitat for the breeding place of mosquitoes such as: wet rice paddies and ponds. This research also indicates that the Cx. vishnui and Cx. gelidus mosquitoes may also have roles as vector for the spread of the JE disease to the pigs. It was found that the highest abundance of Cx. vishnui was in Lemoh (24.32%), in Tara-tara (24.75%) and in Talikuran (25.90%), whereas in the Kalasey farms the highest abundance was Cx. gelidus (25%). Keywords: Mosquito, abundance, pig farm, cage location, JE, North Sulawesi 1. Introduction Vector is defined as arthropods that can spread, transfer and/or become a source of disease infection towards humans. Mosquitoes are one of the arthropod groups that become a vector of various diseases [1] . Disease groups originating from mosquitoes are still a crucial health problem in Indonesia. These diseases are: malaria, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Filariasis. The types of mosquitoes that become the main vector are Aedes sp., Culex sp., Anopheles sp. and Mansonia sp. Mosquitoes are included in the Diptera order of the Culicidae family, with 3 subfamilies namely: Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites), Culicinae (Aedes, Culex, Mansonia, Armigeres) and Anophelinae (Anopheles). There are approximately 3200 mosquitoes from 39 genus known throughout the world. Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Mansonia, Armigeres, Haemagogus, Sebethes, Culiseta and Psorophora suck human blood and function as a disease vector [8] . A number of mosquito types can be found everywhere such as the Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti hence are cosmopolitan. A number of mosquito types as vector or main transmitter of arbovirus disease such as the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), chikungunya, yellow fever, Japanese Encephalitis as well as other diseases caused by nematodes, for example filariasis and diseases caused by blood protozoa such as malaria [16] . The Japanese Encephalitis (JE) disease is a viral zoonotic transmitted by mosquitoes. This disease is caused by arbovirus (Arthropod Borne Virus) from the Flavivirus family that attacks the central nervous system (CNS). In nature, this virus is found to be sustainable living in wild poultry, such as cranes and other animals, especially in pigs. In humans, the Case Fatality Rate of this disease is about 20%-40% [3] . The JE disease agent can be transmitted through infected mosquito bites. The pigs infected by this disease will spread throughout the whole body through the blood circulation (viremia) at high levels and in a relatively long time [6] . Therefore pigs are considered an essential animal reservoir (Amplify Host) in the spread of this virus, whereas humans are dead-ends for the