Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism PALMITIC AND OLEIC ACID: THE YIN AND YANG IN T2DM --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: TEM-D-17-00153R1 Article Type: Review Corresponding Author: Manuel Vázquez-Carrera University of Barcelona Barcelona, SPAIN First Author: Xavier Palomer Order of Authors: Xavier Palomer Javier Pizarro Emma Barroso Manuel Vázquez-Carrera Abstract: Increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (FA) link obesity with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in contrast to the SFA acid palmitic acid, the MUFA oleic acid elicits beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity. Indeed, the dietary palmitic acid/oleic acid ratio impacts diabetic risk in humans. Here, we review the beneficial effects of oleic acid compared to palmitic acid on IR and T2DM, including its anti-inflammatory actions, and its capacity to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress, to prevent attenuation of the insulin signaling pathway and to improve beta-cell survival. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the antidiabetic effects of oleic acid may contribute to understand the benefits of this FA in the prevention or delay of T2DM. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation