African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(31), pp. 4362-4367, 14 August, 2012
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR
DOI: 10.5897/AJAR11.673
ISSN 1991-637X © 2012 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The nutrient status of organic soil amendments from
selected wards of Chivi district, Zimbabwe
S. Mavengahama
1
* and F. Mapanda
2
1
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001,
KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa.
2
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant,
Harare, Zimbabwe.
Accepted 26 March, 2012
The potential of animal manure, leaf litter, anthill soil, ash, and compost to supply nutrients was
investigated in samples collected from 16 villages from four wards in Chivi district, Zimbabwe. The
objective of the study was to generate a biophysical knowledge base on the nutrient status of soil
amendments. A total of 134 samples of amendments were collected from homesteads and analyzed for
nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), iron
(Fe), manganese (Mn), and boron (B). With the exception of Cu, no significant differences (P > 0.05) in
selected nutrients were found among the different types of soil amendments. Most of the amendments
sampled had medium to low levels of nutrients. It was concluded that most of the soil amendments in
the selected villages are of poor nutrient status. It is recommended to find management practices that
minimize nutrient losses as well as to supplement the nutrients with inorganic fertilisers.
Key words: Soil amendments, nutrients, villages, communal areas.
INTRODUCTION
The use of organic and inorganic soil amendments, such
as animal manure, leaf litter, anthill soil, and mineral
fertilizer is a common practice aimed at improving soil
productivity in the communal areas of Zimbabwe. Manure
from cattle, goats, sheep, and poultry have been widely
applied on sandy soils of low inherent fertility in crop
production in Zimbabwe (Grant, 1981; Tanner and
Mugwira, 1984; Shumba et al., 1989). Kraals are cleared
every year or after two years and the manure are spread
onto fields before the planting period by broadcasting and
ploughing under or dribbling in planting furrows
(Mombeshora and Mudhara, 1994; FSRU, 1993;
Mavedzenge et al., 1996). Tanner and Mugwira (1984),
Mugwira and Mukurumbira (1984), and Murwira and
Kirchmann (1993) indicated that proper handling and
management of soil amendments, particularly animal
manure, can improve crop growth and yield. Their studies
*Corresponding author. E-mail:
sydmavengahama@yahoo.co.uk.
also show that improper handling of manure can produce
poor quality manure with high sand content (up to 90%)
and low N content.
It is thus essential to improve the nutrient supply
potential of soil amendments in order to enhance soil
fertility and subsequently crop production. Although, a lot
of research has been done on the use cattle manure in
Zimbabwe, the differences in the nutrient supply potential
of other types of animal manure and among various types
of soil amendments that include anthill soil and leaf litter,
have not been fully investigated. These differences would
affect the optimum amounts of each type of amendment
that may be needed to achieve a targeted crop yield. The
objective of this study was to determine the levels of crop
nutrients in organic soil amendments used by farmers to
improve soil productivity in Chivi communal areas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Location and description of study area
Chivi district is located in Masvingo province, Southern Zimbabwe