Citation: Sherine, V.R.; Gerly, T.G.;
Chellamani, P.; Al-Sabri, E.H.A.;
Ismail, R.; Xavier, G.B.A.; Avinash, N.
A Method for Performing the
Symmetric Anti-Difference Equations
in Quantum Fractional Calculus.
Symmetry 2022, 14, 2604. https://
doi.org/10.3390/sym14122604
Academic Editor: Hüseyin Budak
Received: 10 November 2022
Accepted: 1 December 2022
Published: 8 December 2022
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symmetry
S S
Article
A Method for Performing the Symmetric Anti-Difference
Equations in Quantum Fractional Calculus
V. Rexma Sherine
1,
* , T. G. Gerly
1
, P. Chellamani
2
, Esmail Hassan Abdullatif Al-Sabri
3,4
,
Rashad Ismail
3,4
, G. Britto Antony Xavier
1
, N. Avinash
1
1
Department of Mathematics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur 635601, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts (Muhayl Assir), King Khalid Universiy,
Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Mathematics and Computer, Faculty of Science, IBB University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
* Correspondence: rexmaprabu123@gmail.com
Abstract: In this paper, we develop theorems on finite and infinite summation formulas by utilizing
the q and (q, h) anti-difference operators, and also we extend these core theorems to q
(α)
and (q, h)
α
difference operators. Several integer order theorems based on q and q
(α)
difference operator have
been published, which gave us the idea to derive the fractional order anti-difference equations for
q and q
(α)
difference operators. In order to develop the fractional order anti-difference equations
for q and q
(α)
difference operators, we construct a function known as the quantum geometric and
alpha-quantum geometric function, which behaves as the class of geometric series. We can use this
function to convert an infinite summation to a limited summation. Using this concept and by the
gamma function, we derive the fractional order anti-difference equations for q and q
(α)
difference
operators for polynomials, polynomial factorials, and logarithmic functions that provide solutions for
symmetric difference operator. We provide appropriate examples to support our results. In addition,
we extend these concepts to the (q, h) and (q, h)
α
difference operators, and we derive several integer
and fractional order theorems that give solutions for the mixed symmetric difference operator. Finally,
we plot the diagrams to analyze the (q, h) and (q, h)
α
difference operators for verification.
Keywords: q and (q, h) difference operators; quantum geometric function; alpha quantum geometric
function; gamma functions and fractional order sum
1. Introduction
The study of calculus without limits is nowadays known as quantum calculus. Jack-
son’s work [1] sheds light on the invention of q-calculus, often known as quantum calculus,
while in 1908, Euler and Jacobi had already developed this type of calculus. The field of
q-calculus emerged as a link between mathematics and physics. Numerous mathematical
fields, including combinatorics, orthogonal polynomials, number theory, fundamental
hyper-geometric functions, as well as other sciences, including mechanics, quantum theory,
and the theory of relativity, make extensive use of it.
Most of the basic facts of quantum calculus are covered in the book by Kac and
Cheung [2]. Quantum calculus is a branch within the mathematical topic of time scales
calculus. The q-differential equations are typically defined on a time scale set T
q
, where q
is the scale index. Time scales offer a unifying framework for investigating the dynamic
equations. The majority of the fundamental theory in the calculus of time scales was
compiled in the text by Bohner and Peterson [3].
Though quantum calculus plays a major role in physics, engineers and mathematics
also show interest in fractional q-difference equations and q-calculus. The main focus of
developing q-difference equations is to characterize some unique physical processes and
other areas. Some of the topics that have been developed and investigated in conjunction
Symmetry 2022, 14, 2604. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14122604 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/symmetry