Research Article
An Optimized Approach Using Transfer Learning to Detect
Drunk Driving
Ankit Kumar ,
1
Ajay Kumar ,
1
Mayank Singh ,
1
Pradeep Kumar ,
1
and Anchit Bijalwan
2
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India
2
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Correspondence should be addressed to Anchit Bijalwan; anchit.bijalwan@amu.edu.et
Received 21 July 2022; Accepted 5 September 2022; Published 20 September 2022
Academic Editor: Punit Gupta
Copyright © 2022 Ankit Kumar et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Although the statistics show a slow decline in traffic accidents in many countries over the last few years, drunk or drug-influenced
driving still contributes to enough shares in those records to act. Nowadays, breath analysers are used to estimate breath alcohol
content (BAC) by law enforcement as a preliminary alcohol screening in many countries. erefore, since breath analysers or field
sobriety testers do not accurately measure BAC, the analysis of blood samples of individuals is required for further action. Many
researchers have presented various approaches to detect drunk driving, for example, using sensors, face recognition, and a driver’s
behaviour to confound the shortcomings of the time-honoured approach using breath analysers. But each one has some
limitations. is study proposed a plan to distinguish between drivers’ states, that is, sober or drunk, by the use of transfer learning
from the convolutional neural network (CNN) features to the random forest (RF) features with an accuracy of up to 93%, which is
higher than that of existing models. With the same dataset, to validate our research, a comparative analysis was performed with
other existing model classifiers such as the simple vector machine (SVM) with an accuracy of 65% and the K-nearest neighbour
(KNN) with an accuracy of 62%, and it was found that our approach is an optimized approach in terms of accuracy, precision,
recall, F1-score, AUC-ROC curve, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) with confusion matrix.
1. Introduction
As per the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, India,
traffic collisions result in the casualties of approximately four
lakh individuals and leave nearly fifty thousand individuals
with nonfatal injuries around the country each year [1]. In
simple words, if the crowd is going to watch a match in a
stadium with a capacity of one lakh and among them, a road
crash happens while approaching the stadium, there is a
chance that at least one person will die and up to thirty
people will hold nonfatal injuries. e victims of such ac-
cidents and lethal and nondeadly wounds include weak
street clients, such as pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and
other travellers. Other than the citizens’ existence lost in
misfortunes, they also cause a heavy monetary weight on
their families, such as treatment and last rites costs. Likewise,
automobile accidents sway public economies, costing
countries practically two percent of their yearly growth in
domestic production. A driver affected by intoxicants has a
critical danger factor for a conveyance accident. Drunk
driving dramatically increases road traffic injury risk as the
driver’s blood alcohol concentration increases. Drunk
driving increases road traffic injury risk to varying degrees
depending on psychoactive drug abuse. Many solutions are
available in the industry to prevent traffic collisions.
However, either they are expensive, like autopilot cars, or
nonscalable and difficult to implement, such as law en-
forcement personnel using a breath analyser to check alcohol
in the air drivers breathe out [2].
Nevertheless, the world is a bystander to severe traffic
collisions and casualties. Let us drive into a considerable effort
made by researchers to curb traffic accidents due to drunk
driving that happened in the last two decades, inspired by
modern technology of their age in a category manner.
e problem statement is to find an efficient system to
detect drunk driving that gives accurate results in order to
Hindawi
Scientific Programming
Volume 2022, Article ID 8775607, 12 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8775607