S1
Cooperative effects of ruthenium micellar catalysts and added surfactants in
transfer hydrogenation of ketones in water
Alexander M. Kalsin,
a
* Tat’yanaA. Peganova,
a
Valentin V. Novikov,
a
Maurizio Peruzzini,
b
* and
Luca Gonsalvi
b
*
Electronic Supplementary Information
Table S1. The main micellar properties of the surfactants S used in catalytic tests.
CTAB HBAC SDS DSS TX-100 TW20 ZW3-14
cmc, mM 0.92; 0.15
a
0.49 8.2; ~1.0
a
11 0.3 0.06 0.38
T
k
, °C 25; 16
b
25 10 33; 49
a
- - -
T
c
, °C - - - - 65; ~50
a
76 -
Ref [1,2] [3] [4] [4] [5] [4] [6]
cmc – critical micelle concentration, T
k
, °C – the Krafft temperature, T
c
, °C – the clouding temperature.
a
in 1M NaCl solution.
b
in 0.01M NaCl solution.
Table S2. The micellar properties of C
16
H
33
NMe
3
+
X
-
(CTA
+
X
-
: X = Cl, Br) mixed with surfactants S.
CTAB HBAC SDS DSS TX-100 TW20 ZW3-14
cmc, mM ~1 ~0.5 <0.1 0.06-0.08 <1 <1 ~0.4-1
a
χ
CTA
mic
~ χ
CTA
sol
~ χ
CTA
sol
~0.5 ~0.5
~ χ
CTA
sol
T
k
, °C <25 <25 50 <50 -
T
c
, °C >>65 >>76 -
Mixed
micelles
+ + + + + + +
Ref [7] [7] [7a, 8] [9] [6] [6] [10]
cmc – critical micelle concentration, T
k
, °C – the Krafft temperature, T
c
, °C – the clouding temperature.
a
χ
CTA
mic
– molar fraction of CTA
+
X
-
in the mixed micelle S/CTA
+
X
-
, χ
CTA
sol
– molar fraction of CTA
+
X
-
in
the solution of S and CTA
+
X
-
.
Table S3. The micellar properties of C
8
H
17
NMe
3
+
Br
-
(OTAB) mixed with surfactants S.
CTAB HBAC SDS DSS TX-100 TW20 ZW3-14
cmc, mM
b b
0.8
b b b
a
χ
OTA
mic
<0.05 <0.05 ~0.5 ~0.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
T
k
, °C ~25 ~25 18 <18 - -
T
c
, °C >65 >76
Mixed
micelles
- - + + - - -
Ref [7] [7] [11, 8] [12] [6] [6] [10]
cmc – critical micelle concentration, T
k
, °C – the Krafft temperature, T
c
, °C – the clouding temperature.
a
χ
OTA
mic
– molar fraction of OTAB in the mixed micelle S/OTAB, χ
OTA
sol
– molar fraction of OTAB in the
solution of S and OTAB.
b
the cmc of the mixed system is close to the cmc of the added surfactant S.
References:
[1] J. Roy, M. N. Islam and G. Aktaruzzaman, J. Surfact. Deterg., 2014, 17, 231-242.
[2] T. Imae and S. Ikeda, Colloid Polym. Sci., 1987, 265, 1090-1098.
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Catalysis Science & Technology.
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015