Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2021, 11, 899-907
https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojapps
ISSN Online: 2165-3925
ISSN Print: 2165-3917
DOI: 10.4236/ojapps.2021.118066 Aug. 19, 2021 899 Open Journal of Applied Sciences
Distribution and Concentrations of Heavy
Metals in Tropospheric Suspended Particulate
Matter (PM
10
) In Nairobi City, Kenya
Faith Ndunge Mutua
1
, Paul Njogu
1
, Christopher Kanali
2
1
Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
2
School of Biomechanical and Environmental Engineering, JKUAT, Nairobi, Kenya
Abstract
Air pollution presents the greatest threat to human health and welfare in ur-
ban environments. Population growth, industrial activities, expanded
transport system, vehicular traffic, poor road planning, poor land use and
traffic congestion contribute to the problem. Particulate matter (PM
2.5
and
PM
10
) has become the principal pollutants due to increased material use, en-
ergy demand and use as a result of global economic growth. This study as-
sessed the levels of PM
10
in ambient air and heavy metal composition in Nai-
robi city. Sampling sites were classified into three categories namely; con-
trolled areas, industrial and residential areas as proscribed in the EMCA Air
Quality Regulations, 2014. Portable Mini-Vol ambient air samplers were used
for fine particulate monitoring. The concentrations of manganese, lead, and
cadmium was determined in PM
10
samples from all sampling sites. The lead
concentration mean was 0.07 ± 0.06 µg/m
3
, 0.34 ± 0.35 µg/m
3
and 1.10 ± 0.59
µg/m
3
for residential, controlled and industrial areas respectively. Generally,
all afternoons had high particulate matter while the lowest concentration lev-
els of PM
10
were recorded at night.
Keywords
Air Pollution, Heavy Metals, Tropospheric, Particulate Matter
1. Introduction
Air pollution is undesirable impacts from vehicular traffic and industrial manu-
facturers especially in the urban area. This is a serious health hazard because of
the high prevalence of air pollution associated with diseases like cancer, asthma,
How to cite this paper: Mutua, F.N.,
Njogu, P. and Kanali, C. (2021) Distribu-
tion and Concentrations of Heavy Metals in
Tropospheric Suspended Particulate Matter
(PM10) In Nairobi City, Kenya. Open
Journal of Applied Sciences, 11, 899-907.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2021.118066
Received: June 30, 2021
Accepted: August 16, 2021
Published: August 19, 2021
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access