Comparison of the accuracy of a 3-dimensional virtual method and the conventional method for transferring the maxillary cast to a virtual articulator Eneko Solaberrieta, PhD, a Rikardo Mínguez, PhD, b Lander Barrenetxea, PhD, c Jose Ramon Otegi, PhD, d and András Szentpétery, PhD e University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Statement of problem. The currently available virtual articulators fail to locate the digitized maxillary cast at the exact position in the virtual environment. Some locate the casts on a mechanical articulator with a facebow, and this position is then digitized for the virtual environment. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the location of the maxillary cast on an articulator by using 2 different procedures: the conventional method and a virtual method. Material and methods. With the conventional procedure, the kinematic axis of the participant was determined with an axiograph. The location of the maxillary cast in reference to this axis was then physically transferred to a Panadent mechanical articulator. By a virtual procedure, the same kinematic axis and the maxillary cast were transferred directly from the participant to the Panadent virtual articulator by means of reverse engineering devices. The locations obtained with both procedures were compared in a virtual environment with an optical scanner. By calculating the deviation at every point of the occlusal surface, the results obtained with this procedure were then compared with those of the conventional method. Results. The mean deviation on the occlusal surface was 0.752 mm, and the standard deviation was 0.456 mm. Conclusions. The deviation between the procedures was sufficiently small to allow the methodology for orthodontic purposes. However, the accuracy of the virtual procedure should be improved so as to extend its use to other fields, such as orthognathic surgery or dental restorations, in which the clinical technique requires an articulator. (J Prosthet Dent 2014;-:---) Clinical Implications Mechanical facebows and articulators are currently used in the transfer of the maxillary cast to the virtual articulator, which can affect the accuracy of the location and the comfort of the patient. Virtual methods, with further development, may increasingly offer alternatives. As in other disciplines, dentistry has experienced a great increase in the use of digital technologies in recent years. 1 This digital technology and, more spe- cifically, the possibility of working in a virtual environment have improved diagnosis and treatment and shortened the time required for each procedure. 2,3 Because clinical dentistry involves gathering large quantities of informa- tion, the use of computers is now commonplace in dental offices and laboratories. 4,5 With the recent devel- opment of the intraoral scanner, the virtual articulator, the virtual occlusal record, and the virtual facebow, 6 the control and accuracy of both the pro- cess and the design of the definitive restoration have increased. 2,7 Many laboratories still work with mechanical devices such as conven- tional facebows 8 and mechanical ar- ticulators. 9 However, although several companies have customized a virtual a Researcher, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). b Researcher, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). c Researcher, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). d Researcher, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). e Researcher, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Solaberrieta et al