SCHOOL OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AN EXPLORATION OF CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR AIDING AND ABETTING INTERNATIONAL CRIMES IN AFRICA JOHN PAUL ONGESO STUDENT NUMBER: 0715751M SUPERVISOR: BONITA MEYERSFELD Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2 October 2015