Plant 2013; 1(5): 50-53 Published online November 10, 2013 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/plant) doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20130105.11 Layering in seedling production of rambutan Renata Aparecida de Andrade 1, * , Samir Paulo Jasper 2 , Amanda Garcia Bagatim 1 , Guilherme Nacata 1 1 Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil 2 Faculdades Integradas de Bauru, Bauru, Brazil Email address: reandrad@fcav.unesp.br(R. A. de Andrade), samir@agronomo.eng.br(S. P. Jasper), amanda_cr.aveiro@hotmail.com(A. G. Bagatim), guilherme_nacata@hotmail.com(G. Nacata) To cite this article: Renata Aparecida de Andrade, Samir Paulo Jasper, Amanda Garcia Bagatim, Guilherme Nacata. Layering in Seedling Production of Rambutan. Plant. Vol. 1, No. 5, 2013, pp. 50-53. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20130105.11 Abstract: The rambutan fruit is a culture that still little known, but with high potential of market, such as lychee, fruit of the same family. The orchards have been installed using seedlings originated from seeds, generating high variability among the plants and produced fruits. As the layering has been shown effective to obtaining the litchi seedlings, this research was realized, in order to verify the response of rambutan propagation by layering in the different seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The branches were selected from the middle of the canopy of the trees in production, and about 50 cm from the top was done the girdling, which was wrapped with sphagnum and transparent plastic. For each season, were done 12 air layering in 5 plants, totaling 60 air layering. The evaluation, realized 110 days after layering, as about: percentage of air layering root, callus, and survival of the layers while in the matrix plant. From the results, can be conclude that is possible to produce seedlings of rambutan culture by layering, indicating that be done in the spring. Keywords: Nephelium Lappaceum L., Propagation, Rooting, Season 1. Introduction The culture of fruits is an area in constant growth, due to investment by producers or by the population, which have increasingly sought a healthy diet, in addition to fruits yet unknown, and this has contributed greatly to the expansion of the exotic fruits. Among this fruits, can be find the rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.). Although still little known by the general population, the rambutan has a high potential of market, how occurred with the lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), fruit of the same family, that was unknown at the beginning and the market price was high, not providing consumption by the large majority of the population, but now is widespread among different social classes, with great evolution as the market and production area. The rambutan belongs to the family Sapindaceae, originally from Malaysia, is becoming one of the most important tropical fruit grown in Asia (1). The major producer in Brazil is the Bahia state (region of Itabuna/Ilhéus) and the largest consumer market are the São Paulo state, where some producers installed orchards from this culture using seedlings originated from seeds, with high variability and without information about the regional response. In the states of Bahia and Pará, the rambutan is cultivated with excellent production performance and fruit quality (2, 3). In 2010, according to data obtained from the CEAGESP (4), the states of Bahia and Pará put the product (fruits of rambutan) on the market in the period between February and August (20.22 tons), with a higher offer during the months of May, June and July (5.54, 11.04 and 2.247 tons, respectively), being the state of Bahia responsible for almost all of this offering, with little participation of Pará in May (0.50 tons). The state of São Paulo has provided for market in the period from September to January (1.25 tons), with the highest amounts observed in January (1.19 tons). These data allows observing the high potential of São Paulo for the production and marketing of this fruit, especially by the fact to providing the product to the market in times of short supply by Bahia. Is very important, however, realize research, principally with the objective to known the characteristics of the culture, in order to permit an appropriate management, observing the development in São Paulo state, and the most appropriate method to obtaining the seedlings, since these have a great importance in the formation and installation of the orchards. The biggest consumption of this fruit is “in nature” form,