1.15 Effect of Solvents on Membrane Fabrication via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS): Thermodynamic and Kinetic Perspectives JF Kim, JT Jung, and H Wang, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Enrico Drioli, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Membrane Technology of the National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy; and University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy Young Moo Lee, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea r 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1.15.1 Introduction 387 1.15.2 Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) 389 1.15.2.1 Thermodynamic Aspects of TIPS 390 1.15.2.2 Kinetic Aspects of TIPS 394 1.15.3 TIPS Polymers 396 1.15.4 Polymer Criteria 396 1.15.4.1 TIPS Solvents 397 1.15.4.2 Solvent Criteria 397 1.15.4.3 Effect of Solvent From a Thermodynamic Perspective 405 1.15.4.4 Effect of Mixed Solvents in Membrane Preparation 408 1.15.4.5 Effect of NIPS During TIPS (N-TIPS) 411 1.15.4.6 Effect of Solvent on Polymer Crystallinity 412 1.15.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 413 References 413 List of Abbreviations Terms L–L Liquid–liquid separation MW Molecular weight NG Nucleation and growth NIPS Nonsolvent-induced phase separation N-TIPS Nonsolvent thermally induced phase separation S–L Solid–liquid separation TIPS Thermally induced phase separation VIPS Vapor-induced phase separation Application MBR Membrane bioreactor MCr Membrane crystallization MD Membrane distillation MF Microfiltration NF Nanofiltration UF Ultrafiltration Polymers ECTFE Poly(ethylene trifluoroethylene) EVOH Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) iPP Isotactic polypropylene PEEK Poly ether ether ketone PEG Polyethylene glycol PMMA Poly(methyl methacrylate) PTFE Poly tetrafluoroethylene PVDF Poly vinylidene fluoride Solvents DBP Dibutyl phthalate DBS Dibutyl sebacate DEHP Diethylhextyl phthalate DEP Diethyl phthalate DMP Dimethyl phthalate DOP Dioctyl phthalate DPC Diphenyl carbonate DPK Diphenyl ketone DPM Diphenyl methane MS Methyl salicylate NMP N,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone PC PolarClean (methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl- 5-oxopentanoate) PG Propylene glycol TPP Triphenyl phosphite Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering II, Volume 1 doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.12690-3 386