JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, 11(4), 325–349
Copyright © 2001, Society for Research on Adolescence
Individual and Contextual Predictors
of Perceived Friendship Quality
among Ethnic Minority,
Low-Income Adolescents
Niobe Way and Kerstin Pahl
New York University
This longitudinal study examined the separate, relative, and combined con-
tributions of demographic (i.e., gender and ethnicity), individual-level (i.e.,
psychological well-being), and contextual (i.e., relationships with parents
and perceived school climate) factors on changes over time in perceived
quality of general and closest same-sex friendships among 114 Asian Amer-
ican, Black, and Latino adolescents from low-income families. Multiple re-
gression analyses indicated that the increase in reported levels of general
friendship support from Time 1 to Time 2 (a 1-year period) was greater for
those who reported more positive perceptions of school climate at Time 1. The
increase in general friendship support from Time 1 to Time 2 was also greater
for those who reported lower support scores from mothers at Time 1. Find-
ings suggest a compensatory model of relationships and draw attention to
the importance of exploring the ecological context of adolescent friendships.
The extensive body of research on friendships over the past 2 decades has
provided much information on adolescents’ perceptions of their friend-
ships, as well as on the psychological and developmental consequences of
friendships for adolescents. Friendships have been found to help satisfy
adolescents’ desire for intimacy; enhance their interpersonal skills, sensi-
tivity, and understanding; and contribute significantly to cognitive and
social development and psychological adjustment (Hartup, 1993, 1996;
Requests for reprints should be sent to Niobe Way, Department of Applied Psychology,
New York University, 239 Greene Street, Rm. 500, New York, NY 10003. E-mail: niobe.way@
nyu.edu