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The Geological Society of America
Special Paper 542
Synsedimentary deformation in Upper Cretaceous–
Lower Paleogene limestones within a thrust anticline of
the Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy
Sofia Tognaccini
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy, and
Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Enrico Tavarnelli
Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Alessandro Montanari
Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, Contrada Coldigioco 4, 62021 Apiro, Italy
ABSTRACT
The geometry of collisional mountain belts, which were formed at the expense
of passive continental margins, is often complex because orogenic structures, such
as thrusts and related folds, commonly interfere with pre-orogenic extensional struc-
tures, namely, normal faults, resulting in kinematically complex, composite struc-
tural assemblages. In these settings, analysis of the relationships between depositional
and structural features may provide very useful tools to correctly unravel the local
sedimentary and deformational history and relative ages of structures. Analysis of the
relationships between minor normal faults and slumps near Frontale in the Umbria-
Marche Apennines of Italy made it possible to correctly unravel the local chronology
of events and hence to infer the depositional and deformation history of a part of the
Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene Scaglia Rossa Formation pelagic basin. The results of
this investigation made it possible to ascribe the normal faults to events that predate
the construction of the Umbria-Marche mountain belt. Therefore, the normal faults
at Frontale are distinct from those that overprint the main compressional structures
responsible for the present-day seismicity of central Italy.
Tognaccini, S., Tavarnelli, E., and Alessandro Montanari, A., 2019, Synsedimentary deformation in Upper Cretaceous–Lower Paleogene limestones within a thrust
anticline of the Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy, in Koeberl, C., and Bice, D.M., eds., 250 Million Years of Earth History in Central Italy: Celebrating 25 Years
of the Geological Observatory of Coldigioco: Geological Society of America Special Paper 542, p. 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1130/2019.2542(11). © 2019 The
Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org.
INTRODUCTION
The geometry of most collisional mountain belts resulting
from continental breakup and reassembly (a sequence known
amongst geologists as the Wilson cycle: Wilson, 1968; Dewey
and Bird, 1970), often followed by renewed breakup, due to fre-
quent switches in tectonic regime from contractional to exten-
sional, is usually quite complex because compressive structures,
like folds and thrusts, frequently interfere with and overprint pre-
and late- or postorogenic normal faults (Butler et al., 2006). In
these situations, it may be difficult to unequivocally define and
correctly establish the chronological development of extensional