中華民國第 22 屆科學教育學術研討會(2006) 論文彙編-短篇論文-口頭發表-上傳編號 90 Transaction Structures and Natural Organizations of Apprenticeship in Authentic Science Laboratories 321 Transaction Structures and Natural Organizations of Apprenticeship in Authentic Science Laboratories Pei-Ling Hsu, Wolff-Michael Roth & Asit Mazumder Pei-Ling Hsu Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Victoria E-mail: phsu@uvic.ca Wolff-Michael Roth Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Victoria E-mail: mroth@uvic.ca Asit Mazumder Department of Biology, University of Victoria Email: mazumder@uvic.ca Abstract Educators and researchers have encouraged students’ experiences of authentic science and their participation in activities in the science workplace. But little research has investigated the transactions between scientist/technicians and newcomers (high school students) to scientific settings. Without a pedagogical background or experience in teaching high school students, this study examines how scientists/technicians interact with students and how students interact with non-teachers in real scientific laboratories. Drawing on conversation analysis, we analyze the minute-by-minute transactions to investigate participation trajectories, transaction structures, and transaction organizations of apprenticeship in scientific laboratories. Through individual and collective analysis, our study found that demonstration-practice-connect (DPC) phases constantly recur in the process of “doing” science; initiate-clarify-reply (ICR) and initiate-reply-clarify-reply (IRCR) frequently happen in conversational transactions; preference organization is composed not only of preferred and dispreferred modes of responding but also personally dispreferred modes; the formulating organization not only includes self-formulating but formulating others. These findings allow us to understand the natural transaction between technicians and high school students in scientific laboratories where there is an authentic environment but formal school settings. Key words: Participation trajectory, Transaction structure, Natural dialogue organization. 1. Introduction