IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences 5 (2019) 95–105 Content available at: iponlinejournal.com IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Journal homepage: www.innovativepublication.com Review Article Natural products: An emerging tool in parkinson’s disease therapeutics Rohit R Doke 1 , Prajakta A Pansare 1 , Shivani R Sainani 1 , Vrushali M Bhalchim 1 , Ketki R Rode 1 , Shivani R Desai 1, * 1 Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 03-08-2019 Accepted 27-08-2019 Available online 06-09-2019 Keywords: Neurodegenration Natural products Neuroprotective Parkinsons disease Phytoconstituents Signalling pathways ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease is a age associated chronic neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in substaintia nigra pars compacta which causes functional impairment of midbrain. Although the cause of PD is still not known, but there are several factors such asoxidative stress, genetic mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, aggregationprotein specifically α - synuclein and neuroinflammation play apivotal role in pathogenesis of PD. The current treatment primarily includes dopaminergic and non-dopaminegic medications which only provides symptomatic relief and when drug therapy is fails to provide relief, the next step is surgical treatments. Unfortunately the current regimens have certain limitations with multiple side effectsand possess economic burden thus, there is a need to discovered new therapeutic approaches which have antiparkinsonial potential and minimum adverse effects. For many years, some phytoconstituents from natural products have provided an competent resource for the revelation of potential therapeutic agents. The anti-PD potential of these phytoconstituents is because of their well apperceived anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory activities, their repressive role on agreegation of protein and the regulatory effects of PD cognate pathways. The intention of this review article is to cover the potential of phytoconstituents against the neurodegeneration intangle in PD and to encourage the improvement in future novel treatment strategies predicated on natural sources. © 2019 Published by Innovative Publication. 1. Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is age associated second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system [First is Alzheimer’s disease (AD)] and mainly disturb the motor function of the human body). 1 The incidence of Parkinson’s disease is less in early ages, but as the age increases the prevalence also increases rapidly. The incidence of PD is more in femalesthan male. 2 PD is first introduce by English surgeon James Parkinson who first described the syndrome which he called as the ‘ shaking palsy’. 3 Parkinson’s disease is characterised by the degradation of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc (part of midbrain) leading to disability in normal movements. 4 Apart from dopaminergic degeneration, genetic mutations and environmental factors are additionally plays paramount * Corresponding author. E-mail address: shivani.desai@dypvp.edu.in (S. R. Desai). role in this disease. 5 Lewy bodies are result of alpha- synuclein protein mutations, thereby contributing to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. 6 In additament, mitochondrial dysfunction causes declination of ATP leading to declination of energy and also enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS), and both of these cause initiation of apoptotic pathways and consequent neuronal death. 7 The neuro-inflammation which is initiated by ROS also plays crucial role for developement of PD. 8 The neurotoxins and cytokines released from the cells destroy the dopaminergic neurons in striatum and sub- stantianigra. 9 Neuro-inflammation occurring in the striatum and substantianigraleads to behavioural and biochemical deficiency in PD. 10 Apart from this, the several pathways which are proximately associated with development and progression of PD includes, the phosphoinositide 3- kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) 11,12 signalling pathway (the nuclear factor erythriod2-cognate factor2 (Nrf2) https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2019.014 2581-8236/© 2019 Published by Innovative Publication. 95