International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611 Volume 5 Issue 1, January 2016 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Evaluation of Electric Energy Generation from Sound Energy Using Piezoelectric Actuator Mohana Faroug Saeed Attia 1 , Afraa Ibraheim Mohmmed Abdalateef 2 1 Department of Physics, University of Dongola, Sudan 2 Collaborator Instructor University of Khartoum, Sudan Abstract: This paper presents the work done on the conversion techniques and methodologies of converting sound energy to its electrical counterpart, and focuses on the future of this type of energy sources than wind energy, solar energy, and biogas. Also, it includes the increase in energy consumption due to ever growing number of electronic devices, and the harvesting energy from humans and using of piezoelectricity. In the experimental work, a piezoelectric generator lead zirconate titante (PZT actuator) is used to extract sound energy from the loudspeaker from various distances and then to convert this energy into electrical energy. The maximum voltage generated by the piezoelectric generator occurs when its resonant frequency is operating near the frequency of sound. The result shows that the maximum output voltage of 28.8 mV rms was obtained with the sound intensity of 80.5 dB resonant frequency of 65 Hz at 1 cm distance in the first mode. In the second mode, the maximum output voltage of 94 m V rms was obtained with the sound intensity of 105.7 dB at resonant frequency of 378 Hz at 1 cm which is larger than that of the first mode. However, for both modes, voltage decreases as distance increases. Keywords: piezoelectric effect, sound energy, piezoelectric material, resonant frequency, PZT actuator, electricity 1. Introduction The “law of conservation of energy” states that energy cannot be created nor be destroyed. Under the consideration of this law the technological giants have discovered numerous sources to extract energy from them and use it as a source of power for conventional use. [1] There are various so called eco-friendly sources of energy that we have discovered till the present artificial era. Some of them are implemented to great extent under the suitable circumstances to overcome the short run of the energy due to technological boom that has led the energy needs to its apex. [2] Solar energy is one in the list that came up with the wide range of applications such as solar heaters, solar cookers and it gained success due to its easy implementation. There are various other sources of renewable energy which includes harassing energy form wind, Biomass, water etc. [3] Renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar power and wind power require high financial investments but give lower power output with respect to its cost. Another source nuclear power plant gives a good source of power butthe initial setting up and maintains costs are higher than other renewable sources. In recent years, there has been growing interest in harnessing the power of mechanical vibrations and pressure to generate electricity. Piezoelectric materials play a vital role in generating power which range is μW to mW. It is one of the most interesting methods of obtaining the energy surrounding a system is to use piezoelectric materials. This deformations produced by different means are directly converted to electrical charge via piezoelectric effect. [4] Piezoelectric materials have a crystalline structure that provides a unique ability to convert an applied mechanical strain into an electrical potential or vice versa. Our paper includes how to utilize the energy which is wasted, creates pollution to the environment. The sound energy of the moving train wheels which is nothing but pollution can be converted into electrical energy with the help of piezoelectric material or transducer. Then this electrical energy will be saved with the help of a rechargeable DC source. This energy can be used to run a train compartment’s lights and fans and other necessary purpose. Here we discover the technology to generate electric power from sound of train wheels in which the system used is reliable and this technique will help conserve our natural resources. [5] 2. Sound Energy We all know sound energy is a mechanical energy which travel in the form of wave, mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure which need medium to travel i.e. it could not travel through vacuum as it need medium. Through liquid and gas state sound is transmitted as longitudinal wave whereas through solid it could be transmitted as both longitudinal wave and transverse wave. [6] Longitudinal waves are of alternating pressure deviation from the equilibrium pressure, causing local region of compression and rarefaction, while transverse wave (in solid) are waves of alternating shear and stress at right angle to the direction of propagation, fig 1. When sound wave travel through a medium mater in that medium is periodically displaced and thus oscillates with sound wave. [7] The sound wave displace back and forth between the potential energy of compression or lateral displacement strain of the matter and the kinetic energy of the oscillation. Paper ID: NOV152677 218