2021 Vol.10 No.3:55 SARS-CoV-2 Post Vaccination Disease Infection Tracking: Breakthrough Cases in Pakistan Aaysha Tariq 1 *, Ahmad Farooq 1 , Talat Mehmood 1 , Rashid Rehman 1 , Bakhtawar Abbas 1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui 2 1 Department of Pathology, University of Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan 2 Department of COVID-19 Emergency Cell, University of Pakistan, Atomic Energy Commission General Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan * Corresponding author: AashaTariq, Department of Pathology, University of Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan, Tel: +92-3218038493; E-mail: aaysha1972@hotmail.com Received date: July 06, 2021; Accepted date: July 20, 2021; Published date: July 27, 2021 Citation: Tariq A, Farooq A, Mehmood T, Rehman R, Abbas B, et al. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Post Vaccination Disease Infection Tracking: Breakthrough Cases in Pakistan. IPJBS Vol.10 No.3:55. Introduction The global pandemic of SARS-COV-2 has infected more than 181 million people including 3.9 million deaths by the 30th of June, 2021 [1]. This pandemic has placed heavy impacts on all countries since its emergence back in 2019. Thus there was a great need and demand for vaccines globally. The scientific community has laid huge efforts into discovery and development of effective immunization by adopting universal vaccination strategy [2,3]. The current approach in designing vaccines is targeting the viral spike protein coded by S gene. Although the global vaccination program is in full swing in most of the countries currently but still there are two important concerns worldwide. Firstly, being a Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus, there are many published reports regarding mutation in S gene region of the virus raising apprehension over the persistent efficacy of vaccine as the new variant may acquire ability to escape the vaccine-induced immunity [4]. Secondly, same may also lead to development of symptomatic illness [5]. These undesirable outcomes are already under observation by scientific community and need proactive measurements to manage if emerged. Furthermore, the assurance of protection conferred by vaccination is not yet well established. So the possibility of COVID-19 re-infection after complete vaccination cannot be ruled out [6]. Among the candidate vaccines, Pakistan, being a low income country, initially received Sinopharm vaccine in donation to start with the immunization program. It went through an earlier approval process by the concerned authorities for emergency use. Sinopharm was also approved for the said purpose in 30 other countries. The first European country that approved use of this vaccine was Hungry. The vaccine is based upon the inactivated SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine is administered in two jabs, with an interval of four weeks between the first and second dose. The manufacturer of the vaccine claimed 79% effectiveness, in December 2020, on the basis of phase III interim data, to prevent the development of symptomatic COVID-19 infection. The trials in patients have yielded good immunogenic results and vaccine was generally found safe and well-tolerated with few reports of adverse effects [7]. Case Study The first patient, a 38 years-old male, is a resident of the Capital Territory of Islamabad, Pakistan. He had already been © Copyright iMedPub | This article is available from: http://www.imedpub.com/journal-biomedical-science-applications/ 1 Abstract Background: The available COVID-19 vaccine claims to present good protection against infection. However, none of them offers 100% safety to counter the disease. Since the start of the vaccination program, there are reports from different parts of the world mentioning the individuals have developed COVID-19 infection after administration of two doses of vaccine. Case: The brief report presents incidents of SARS-CoV-2 re- infection in two vaccinated individuals despite evidence that two doses of vaccine (Sino pharm) led to antibody production against spike proteins. Both the individuals gave history of travel and close contact with an infected patient. One of the individual presented with respiratory distress symptoms but none of them develop signs of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). No significant findings in chest X-ray and High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) were unremarkable even with the drop of oxygen saturation to 91%. There is a rarity of reported occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection after two jabs, particularly from Pakistan. Conclusion: The study reveals that post vaccination COVID- 19 infection reduces the morbidity and mortality rate by controlling the derangements initiating the disseminating intravascular coagulation. The vaccine breakthrough incident puts light on the significance of constant public health monitoring and contingency protective measurements. Our findings may help to pave down further guidelines regarding changing scenario of the pandemic in a country with limited resources and huge population burden. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine; COVID-19; Infection; Re- infection Case Report iMedPub Journals www.imedpub.com Journal of Biomedical Science ISSN 2254-609X