M USEOLOGICA B RUNENSIA 4 STUDIE/ARTICLES SOCIAL INCLUSION IN MUSEUM EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW 1 KATA SPRINGINZEISZ ABSTRACT/ABSTRAKT: The aim of this paper is to explore how the concept of inclusion is tackled in the feld of museum education. Forty-one empirical articles written in four languages are examined, and the conceptual bases of diferent types of inclusive museum programs in those articles are identifed and analysed. Results show that available research about inclusion in museum education can be classifed in four categories: learning, community engagement, training/internship, and health/ therapy. The category of learning refers to museum programs in which visitors learn diferent skills. Community engagement includes programs in which the objective is to invite and engage diverse specifc groups of visitors in museum spaces and activities. Training/internship focuses on university training, internships, and museum personnel training. Health/therapy includes articles analysing programs directed to people with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Sociální inkluze v oblasti muze- jní edukace: přehled literatury Cílem tohoto příspěvku je pro- zkoumat, do jaké míry je koncept inkluze uplatňován v oblasti mu- zejní edukace. Studie zahrnuje 41 empirických článků napsaných ve čtyřech jazycích, kde jsou identi- fkovány a analyzovány koncepční základy různých typů inkluzivních muzejních programů. Výsledky uka- zují, že existující výzkumy na téma inkluze v oblasti muzejní edukace lze rozdělit do čtyř kategorií: učení, zapojení se do komunity, školení/ stáž a zdraví/terapie. Kategorie uče- ní se týká muzejních programů, ve kterých se návštěvníci učí různým dovednostem. Zapojení se do ko- munity zahrnuje programy, jejichž cílem je pozvat různé specifcké skupiny návštěvníků do muzejních prostor a zapojit je do zde probí- hajících aktivit. Školení/stáž se zaměřuje na univerzitní průpravu, stáže a školení muzejního personá- lu. Zdraví/terapie zahrnuje články, které pojednávají o programech zaměřených na lidi trpící demencí nebo Alzheimerovou chorobou. KEYWORDS/KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: social inclusion – museum education – community engagement – visitors – museum learning sociální inkluze – muzejní edukace – zapojení se do komunity – návštěvníci – učení v muzeu 1. Introduction: museum audiences, inclusion and museum education In the last decades, museums have attempted to reach a broader and more diverse audience. 2 Thus, the 2 BARBOSA, Belem and Pedro QUELHAS BRITO. Do open day events develop art museum audiences? Museum Management and Curatorship, 2014, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 17–33. concept of inclusion has become relevant for those institutions, in line with the objective of reaching a wider public. However, inviting and targeting a diverse public has not always been in the centre of attention of museums. Modern museum (or modernist museum) is the term to refer to the post-colonial concept of these institutions. 3 From the very beginning of its existence, by the late eighteenth century, to educate the public was a central goal of the modern museum – along with collecting and preserving valuable works. For example, it was believed in governmental circles during Victorian England that easy access to the so-called “high culture” would “civilize” the population in a mental, moral and behavioural sense. 4 Even though museums were addressed to their public, they remained elitist institutions until the end of the 19th century, 5 and even nowadays art museums still struggle with this stigma. 6 3 HOOPER-GREENHILL, Eilean. Changing Values in the Art Museum: rethinking communication and learning. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2000, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 9–31. 4 BENNETT, Tony. The Birth of the Museum. London, New York: Routledge, 1995. 5 HEIN, George E. Learning in the Museum. London, New York: Routledge, 1998. 6 FLEMING, David. Positioning the museum for social inclusion. In SANDELL, Richard (ed.), Museums, Society, Inequality. London, New York: Routledge, 2002, pp. 72–83; KOLB, Bonita M. Marketing for cultural organizations: New strategies for attracting audiences to classical music, dance, museums, theatre and opera. 2 nd ed. London: Thomson Learning, 2005; Los museos de arte como mecanismos de inclusión y exclusión social en el arte y en la sociedad: un estudio de caso en Chile. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 1 Acknowledgement: This article is supported by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile Doctorado Nacional 2020-533228. https://doi.org/10.5817/MuB2022-2-1