Journal of Social Science for Policy Implications December 2015, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1-24 ISSN: 2334-2900 (Print), 2334-2919 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/10.15640/jsspi.v3n2a1 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/jsspi.v3n2a1 Globalization, E conomic Restructuring and Competitiveness in the Metropolitan Area of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico Susana Suárez Paniagua 1 & Arlene Iskra García Vázquez 2 Abstract Social and territorial spaces around the world are undergoing economic restructuring due to globalization process that has led to the removal of restrictions on capital mobility and the factors of production, and therefore, flows of capital, goods, technology and especially the expansion of markets. This transnational reorganization of production and market globalization has led to the relocation of economic activity and spatial agglomerations. The relocation of production activities has generated that local spaces acquire great importance, precisely because of the mobility and networking in the space of the different capitals: production, financial, human, goods and information. Certainly globalization changes the spatial distribution of economic activity and accentuates socioeconomic differences among localities and regions, since they exhibit different rates of economic growth and social progress, because these spaces are not inserted in the same way, not to the same degree, in the new globalized economy. Inthis paper theeconomic restructuring that has experienced the metropolitan area is analyzed in Metropolitan Area of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, in the last decadeas a result of globalization, especially productive restructuring and relocation of production activities by both transnationals and nationals enterprises. The Metropolitan Area of Leon has become an area of attracting foreign direct investment, i.e. a "growth pole", where the location of industrial activities is encouraged, and providing new investments, and the opportunity to exploit economies of scale reducing costs due to expansion and to merge with another companies. As a result, it has developed an economy called agglomeration geographic concentration of automakers and auto parts mainly in Silao, one of the municipalities that are part of the area. This agglomeration economy has led to intense processes of competition between regions to attract investment, processes in which the State of G uanajuatohas participated strongly and particularly Metropolitan Area of Leon. The purpose of this paper is to examinethe processes of economic restructuring of the area, and how has been developed the spatial and economic agglomeration, its impact on local economic growth, and competition generated between municipalities and other regionsof the State of Guanajuato. 1 Research-Professor of National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Leon. 2 Research-Professor of National Autonomous University of Mexico. Campus Leon. iskragv@ enes.unam.mx , Tel: (52) (477) 194 08 00, E xt. 43402, 43403