Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 2013, Article ID 767931, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/767931 Clinical Study Cental Macular Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Clinical Retinopathy Mehmet Demir, 1,2 Burcu Dirim, 1 Zeynep Acar, 1 Murat YJlmaz, 3 and Yekta Sendul 1 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Sisli Etfal Hastanesi, Halaskargazi Caddesi Etfal Sokak No. 10, 34400 Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Endocrinology, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey Correspondence should be addressed to Mehmet Demir; drmehmetfe@hotmail.com Received 9 December 2012; Accepted 13 March 2013 Academic Editor: Andrew G. Lee Copyright © 2013 Mehmet Demir et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To compare central macular thickness (CMT) of diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical retinopathy and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were performed in 124 eyes of 62 subjects with diabetes mellitus without clinical retinopathy (study group: 39 females, 23 males; mean age: 55.06 ± 9.77 years) and in 120 eyes of 60 healthy subjects (control group: 35 females, 25 males; mean age: 55.78 ± 10.34 years). Blood biochemistry parameters were analyzed in all cases. Te data for central macular thickness (at 1 mm), the levels of fasting plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared in both groups. Results. Te mean central macular thickness was 232.12 ± 24.41 m in the study group and 227.19 ± 29.94 m in the control group. Te mean HbA1c level was 8.92 ± 2.58% in the study group and 5.07 ± 0.70% in the control group ( = 0.001). No statistically signifcant relationship was found between CMT, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose level in either group ( > 0.05). Conclusions. Central macular thickness was not signifcantly thicker in patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical retinopathy than in healthy subjects. 1. Introduction Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults in the working-age group in western countries. Dia- betic macular edema (DME) has been reported at rates of 10% and occurs more frequently in type 2 diabetes mellitus than in type 1. Diabetic patients also have multiple risk factors for retinopathy, such as hyperglycemia and hypertension [1]. Teir visual acuity is ofen dependent on the central foveal involvement, perifoveal capillary blood fow velocity, severity of perifoveal capillary occlusion, and retinal thickness at the central fovea [2, 3]. Te clinical fndings of diabetic retinopa- thy are microaneurysms, sof exudates, accumulation of hard exudates, and neovascularisation. Macular edema can develop at any stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the past, macular edema was diagnosed with slit-lamp view. Fundus fuorescein angiography provides guidance for treatment of macular edema. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used for detection of macular edema secondary to diferent pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus, central or branch retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, and age-related macular degeneration [4–11]. 2. Materials and Methods Te central macular thickness (CMT) was measured in both groups by OCT (Optovue Inc. Co., RTVue 100 model, Fremont, CA, USA). Te CMT was measured afer providing pupil dilation with tropicamide drops 2 times, 10 minutes before measurements (Tropicamide 1%, Alcon Lab. Inc., USA). Tree measurements were taken from each patient afer pupillary dilatation. Blood biochemical tests for gly- cosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose levels were run on all patients. All cases underwent oph- thalmological examinations including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior and posterior segment examinations under slit lamp, intraocular pressure (IOP) (applanation tonometer model AT 900, Haag-Streit, Switzerland), and central macular thickness measured by OCT. Visual acuity