Review rticle State-of-the-Art Graphene Synthesis Methods and Environmental Concerns Kaamil Edward , 1 KabirMamun , 1 SumeshNarayan , 1 MansourAssaf , 1 David Rohindra , 2 andUpakaRathnayake 3,4 1 SchoolofInformationTechnologyEngineeringMathematicsandPhysics(STEMP), TeUniversityoftheSouthPacifc,Suva,Fiji 2 SchoolofBiologicalandChemicalSciences,FacultyofScienceTechnologyandEnvironment, TeUniversityoftheSouthPacifc, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka 4 Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, Faculty of Engineering and Design, tlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland Correspondence should be addressed to Upaka Rathnayake; upaka.r@sliit.lk Received 1 July 2022; Revised 9 November 2022; Accepted 11 January 2023; Published 2 February 2023 Academic Editor: Mahmoud Nasr Copyright © 2023 Kaamil Edward et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Graphene, a 2D sp 2 hybridized carbon sheet consisting of a honeycomb network, is the building block of graphite. Since its discovery in 2004, graphene’s exceptional electronic and mechanical properties have peaked interest in various applications. However,theinabilitytomassproducehigh•qualitygrapheneafordablycurrentlylimitsthepracticalapplicationofthematerial. Researchers are continuously working on advancing graphene synthesis methods to alleviate these limitations. Terefore, this review looks at the overview of established graphene synthesis methods and characterization techniques, and then highlights an in•depth review of graphene production through fash joule heating. Te environmental concerns related to graphene synthesis are also presented in this review paper. 1.Introduction Since graphene was frst isolated in 2004, research on pro• duction methods and applications have increasingly pro• gressed due to its unique properties which suggest the imminenttransformationinthematerialsusedinelectronics, composites,energy,andanticorrosivecoats.Withdemandfor graphene and graphene•based materials growing (an esti• mated USD 170 million in global markets by 2022), there is a need to synthesize it at an industrial capacity. Existing manufacturing methods are not fully capable of producing reliable and cost•efective graphene to meet industrial ap• plications; hence, the implementation of graphene has been limited [1]. However, the waste can be converted into high• quality turbostratic graphene using the fash joule heating (FJH)process.TeFJHmethodshowstheimmensecapability ofbeingascalableandcost•efectivesynthesisprocessbecause of the compatibility of the process with various carbon precursors without the need for pretreating with chemicals, bufer gases, substrates, or washing of graphene. Joule heating approach has been previously investigated forthesynthesisofcarbonmaterialsandalloynanoparticles. (i) A chemical vapor deposition system that uses Joule heatingtoheatanickelflmonaSiO 2 /Sisubstrateto 900to1000 ° C(usingcurrentandvoltagerangewas 15–30A and 8–12V) followed by annealing in an argon and hydrogen mixture at a fow rate of 50 sccm.Tesubstrateisthenexposedtomethaneat50 sccm for 20 to 60s. 20s of exposure results in the formation of graphene with a resistance of 600 Ω/ square with a 93% transmittance [2]. (ii) A carbothermal shock process uses carbonized silk fabric (CSF) loaded with a solution of transition Hindawi Applied and Environmental Soil Science Volume 2023, Article ID 8475504, 23 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8475504