179 ÀÃÐÎÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÈÇÑËÅÄÂÀÍÈß ÇÀ ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÎ ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ ÍÀ ÏÎËÑÊÈ ÊÓËÒÓÐÈ WHEAT AND BARLEY MYCOSIS DISSEMINATED IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Ilija Karov, Ljupcho Mihajlov, Verica Ilieva, Biljana Kovacevik, Emilija Kostadinovska, Natalija Markova Ruzdik Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goce Delcev — Stip, Republic of Macedonia Abstract Wheat and barley in the Republic of Macedonia are grown on the area of approximately 200 000 ha with the yield of 3 000 kg/ha and 5 000 kg/ha, respectively. The most important regions are Kumanovo, Bitola, Skopje, Probishtip, Kochani, St. Nikole and Stip. The importance of seed without seed health control results with the introduction of many new diseases on barley and wheat in the Republic of Macedonia. Some of them are detect and identified in the Laboratory of plant and environmental protection in the agriculture faculty in Stip. The most important are: Tapesia yallundae Wallwork & Spooner with its anamorphic stage Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton causer of the disease “eyespot” on barley. Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) Davis causer of the disease “leaf scald” of barley; Cochliobolus sativus (Ito.&Kurib.) Drechler ex Dastur causer of the disase “spot blotch and common root rot” of barley; Septoria tritici Rob ex Desm and its teliomorphic stage Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel.) Schroter causer of “septoria leaf blotch” on wheat. The health condition of wheat and barley has been critical mostly in the early stage of the production in last several years especially on the area where crop rotation is not present. The study deals with the health condition on barley and wheat in the most important production area in the republic of Macedonia during the period 2007-2014. Key words: eyespot, leaf scald, spot blotch, septoria leaf blotch. INTRODUCTION Wheat and barley are the most important small grain crops used in the daily diet of people and animals with high business, agro-technical and economic importance for the Republic of Macedonia. These small grain crops occupies an area of approximately 200 000 ha from which around 140 000 ha are sown with wheat and 60 000 ha with barley. The most common wheat varieties are Mila, Pobeda, Orovchanka, Radika, Novosadska rana 5, Lepoklasa, Zvezdana, Simonida and Milenka with the average yield of around 3 000 kg/ha. The most common barley varieties are: Barun, Hit, Fantasy, Izvor, Egej, Rex, NS 525, NS 565 and Zlatko, with the average yield estimate at 5 000 kg/ha. The production in Macedonia is intended only for domestic purposes. This quantity doesn’t satisfy the real needs of the consumers therefore each year the country imports near 50% of the needs in primary seed material and mercantile. A constant monitoring of health condition is performed on the area under cultivation during the vegetation period. Field control is performed mostly in the area of Kumanovo, Bitola, Skopje, Probishtip, ÀÃÐÎÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÈÇÑËÅÄÂÀÍÈß ÇÀ ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÎ ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ ÍÀ ÏÎËÑÊÈ ÊÓËÒÓÐÈ