RESEARCH ARTICLE Kidney and liver histology in tumour-induced rats exposed to non-contact electric fields [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved] Firman Alamsyah 1,2 , Nisrina Firdausi 3 , Subekti Evi Dwi Nugraheni 4 , Ahmad Ghitha Fadhlurrahman 5 , Luthfi Nurhidayat 5 , Rarastoeti Pratiwi 5 , Warsito Purwo Taruno 1 1 Center for Medical Physics and Cancer Research, Ctech Labs Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Banten, 15143, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Jakarta, 12110, Indonesia 3 Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingridients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong West Java, 16911, Indonesia 4 Medical Laboratory, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung West Java, 40154, Indonesia 5 Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia First published: 01 Feb 2023, 12:117 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.110080.1 Latest published: 01 Feb 2023, 12:117 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.110080.1 v1 Abstract Background: There were an estimated 2.1 million breast cancer diagnoses in 2018 worldwide, which is about 11.6% of the total cancer incidence. A novel modality of cancer treatment based on exposure to non-contact electric fields has been developed to reduce cancer incidence. However, the safety of the electric field exposure was not fully investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the safety of the electric field exposure on renal and liver structure. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into one control group and three treatment groups. Animals were treated with 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumour induction and exposed to non-contact electric fields individually for 10 hours a day for three weeks. Fresh samples of the kidney and liver were collected for observing structural damage in both organs. The two organs were prepared for histopathological cross-sectioning using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining followed by histological scoring using the post-examination masking method. Results: The damages found in the kidney were the following: thickening of Bowman capsule, karyolysis, karyorrexhis, pyknosis, cloudy swelling, epithelial sloughing, inflammation, haemorrhage, and congestion. The number of inflammation and haemorrhage in the kidney structure of the placebo group was the lowest and significantly different from the three other groups. All damages in the kidney were also found in the liver, but each showed different levels of damage. The damages in the kidney and liver caused by the exposure were not Open Peer Review Approval Status 1 2 version 1 01 Feb 2023 view view Chandran Nadarajan, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia 1. Michael Staelens , University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 2. Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Page 1 of 23 F1000Research 2023, 12:117 Last updated: 23 MAR 2023