March 2020 · Volume 9 · Issue 3 Page 956
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Joshi D et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Mar;9(3):956-959
www.ijrcog.org
pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789
Original Research Article
A study to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in
antenatal women at a tertiary care centre in central India
Deepa Joshi, Sheetal Achale*, Nilesh Dalal, Alka Patel
INTRODUCTION
The urinary incontinence (UI) is currently defined by the
International Continence Society (ICS) as the “complaint
of any involuntary leakage of urine”. The characterization
of the UI is classified as effort UI (EUI) - simultaneous
urinary loss to effort, exercise, coughing or sneezing;
urgent UI-involuntary loss of urine accompanied by or
immediately preceded by sudden and uncontrollable urge
to urinate, difficult to be delayed or mixed (MUI)-when
there are signs and symptoms of both types.
1
It has been
reported to affect 5-69% of women.
2
The most common
form of UI in women is stress urinary incontinence (SUI),
followed by mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and urge
urinary incontinence (UUI).
3
The prevalence of UI is
higher in specific subgroups, such as pregnant women,
The incidence of UI is significantly higher in adults and
appears two to four times more often in women than in
men. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women
varies between 12% and 56%.
4,5
Recent studies indicate
that the UI is a high prevalence problem or worldwide
public health disorder Pregnancy is a well-known risk
factor for UI, this is due to the physiologic and anatomic
changes, especially in the third trimester, that can result
in weak pelvic floor muscles (PFM).
6,7
Other risk factors
could be the age of the mother, parity, previous delivery,
ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary incontinence is a common condition in pregnancy and postpartum. There are more than a
thousand articles on urinary incontinence (UI) in pregnancy but very limited literature from Indian subcontinent is
available. Incidence and prevalence figures of UI in association with pregnancy vary substantially. Not many reviews
have focused solely on incidence and prevalence of UI in association with pregnancy. Prevalence of UI in pregnancy
ranges from 32% to 64%.
Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, MGM
Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore over the period of 6 months on 1000 pregnant women who were
following antenatal care (ANC) clinic. Pregnant women, who were severely sick, diagnosed with kidney or urinary
infection and vaginal infections women were excluded from the study. The data were collected using a structured
questionnaire. After the purpose of the study was explained, written consent was obtained from each voluntary
participant. This study was approved by institutional ethical committee. The data was recorded in predesign coded
case report form and statistical analysis was performed using the STATA 12.1.
Results: In the present study the prevalence of urinary incontinence reported is 16.4% of women during pregnancy.
Conclusions: In this study the prevalence of UI during current pregnancy was found to be lower compared to
previous studies conducted. The previous history of surgery, constipation, obesity and respiratory problems were
found to be significantly associated with UI during pregnancy.
Keywords: Antenatal women, Quality of life, Urinary incontinence
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MGM Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Received: 24 January 2020
Accepted: 31 January 2020
*Correspondence:
Dr. Sheetal Achale,
E-mail: sheetal.achale@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200518