Technological Evolution of Image Sensing Designed by Nanostructured Materials Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,* ,θ Maria Malik, θ Top Khac Le, θ Nadia Anwar, Sunila Bakhsh, Wajeehah Shahid, Samiah Shahid, Shaheen Irfan, Mohammed Al-Bahrani, Kareem Morsy, Huy-Binh Do, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy,* and Phuong V. Pham* Cite This: ACS Materials Lett. 2023, 5, 1027−1060 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations ABSTRACT: Imaging sensing holds a remarkable place in modern electronics and optoelectronics for the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integration of high- speed optical communications and photodetection with the merits of high-speed operation, cost-efectiveness, and noncomplex fabrication. The optimum quality of image sensing relies on noise, sensitivity, power consumption, voltage operation, and speed imaging to access and compete with the state-of-the-art image sensing devices in the industry. Many studies have been conducted to address these issues; however, performance has not yet been optimized and solutions are still in the works. In this review, we briefy provide information on recent advances in image sensing using nanostructured emerging materials through nanofabrication integration including the technology evolution on traditional and modern technology platforms, general mechanisms, classifcation, and actual applications as well as existing limitations. Finally, new challenges and perspectives for the future trends of image sensing and their possible solutions are also discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION The Cambrian explosion, or fast evolution, occurred about 540 million years ago and resulted in the diversifcation of living organisms into diferent species. The emergence of diverse sense organs, the most signifcant of which was the eye’s evolution, was one of the causes of this diversifcation. With the advent of modern technological devices, a similar tendency has emerged. As the world becomes more digital, mobile cameras act as the retinas and complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) or contact image sensor (CIS) to capture the images just like the eyeballs. Researchers were able to quickly process, copy, and preserve vast volumes of visual data by adopting image sensing technologies. Because of the enormous amount of data manipulated on mobile devices, application processor and memory storage device capacity and performance have again exploded. Additionally, people began to place greater value on cameras, which caused mobile devices to become more varied. Consequently, research in image sensing has been drastically increasing annually in the past decade (see Figure 1). Received: October 26, 2022 Accepted: February 22, 2023 In this review, we briefy provide information on recent advances in image sensing using nanostructured emerging materials through nanofab- rication integration including the tech- nology evolution on traditional and modern technology platforms As the world becomes more digital, mobile cameras act as the retinas and complementary metal-oxide-semicon- ductor (CMOS) or contact image sensor (CIS) to capture the images just like the eyeballs. Review www.acsmaterialsletters.org © XXXX American Chemical Society 1027 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c01011 ACS Materials Lett. 2023, 5, 1027−1060 Downloaded via NATL SUN YAT-SEN UNIV on March 9, 2023 at 01:56:10 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.