International Journal of Science Academic Research Vol. 04, Issue 03, pp.5311-5314, March, 2023 Available online at http://www.scienceijsar.com ISSN: 2582‐6425 Research Article MODELLING THE FEASIBILITY OF USING FUEL CELLS IN MARINE APPLICATIONS 1 Anastasia Kiritsi, 2 Dr. Vasileios Adamantidis and 3, *Dr. Alfred Mensah 1 University of West Attica, Dept. of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, Athens, Greece 2 University of Aegean, Dept. of Shipping and Transportation, Chios, Greece 3 Arden University, School of Leadership & Management, Tower Hill/Holborn Study Centres, UK Received 27 th January 2023; Accepted 25 th February 2023; Published online 30 th March 2023 Abstract Fuel cells as clean power sources are very appealing to the maritime industry, which is committed to sustainability and reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from ships. Currently, power capacity, costs and lifetime of the fuel cell stack are the primary barriers. This report presents a mathematical model for optimizing the cost of gasoline with regard to hours from an hourly dispatch aboard a Marine Fuel Cell Power System (MFCPS) powered by hydrogen and gasoline. The model is based on a differential equation (DDP) that is used to determine the best energy the board procedure (EMS) for the typical power profile for each practical power source size mix Z. The proposed model is then used to calibrate the cost optimization findings for the constraint of hydrogen fuel (H2) tanks. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference between a non-hybrid energy system and a hybrid energy system that uses zero-emission hybrid energy systems. The suggested method's performance is demonstrated by examining hourly power dispatch statistics for the investigated ship over a one-year period. Keywords: Fuel cells, Mathematical models, Maritime industry, Sustainable development. INTRODUCTION The marine sector is getting more attention on the international environmental issue. As shipping's contribution to air pollution rises, legislative pressure to reduce shipping emissions is steadily increasing due to consumer awareness. The International Maritime Organization is enforcing worldwide laws guiding the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions from shipping, and also intends to implement more regional restrictions to minimize emissions. Therefore, novel ideas for energy conversion that are both environmentally friendly and energy efficient are being discussed. Utilizing fuel cell technologies for auxiliary power or perhaps primary propulsion is one potential option. The legal history of global shipping in relation to the use of fuel cells and gas as fuelling ships is summarized in the paper. The early encounters with the usage of fuel cell technologies on marine applications will be the main topic of the paper (Sapra et al., 2021). Several of the advantages that fuel cells might provide to the utility sector would also be applicable to the marine sector. Increased fuel cell effectiveness has potential to result in gasoline potential savings, which is very intriguing. Additionally, the performance of fuel cells remains largely consistent across a wide variety of power values. Such a feature indicates that fuel cells could be effectively used in vessels with regularly varying power requirements, including icebreakers, towboats, ferries, offshore supply boats, and ferry vehicles. Fuel cells have the ability to provide supplemental energy and other demands in addition to primary propulsion. Compared to ships that exclusively use batteries, the fuel cell system will enable quicker refuelling and greater ranges between refilling. Battery and fuel cell combination technology will provide a stable and effective power source for propulsion (Wu and Bucknall 2020). *Corresponding Author: Dr. Alfred Mensah Arden University, School of Leadership & Management, Tower Hill/Holborn Study Centres, UK. Research question 1. How a renewable energy systems are used to supply the electric power in remote? 2. How the fuel cells can be economically competitive for various system with the different batteries? LITERATURE REVIEW Potential Applications of Fuel Cells Fuel cells with different power rates can be utilized in a broad range of applications in the marine sector. To date, though, the majority of fuel cell developmental initiatives made by companies and supported by governmental and commercial organizations have been linked to improving the state-of-the- art of fuel cell innovation for ground gas and electricity grid purposes. These areas could be used to categorize certain potential fuel cell applications in the marine environment (Li et al., 2018). Submarines and submersibles: The durability of submerged ships, including submarines and submersibles, is a significant limitation. Because they allow underwater vessels to stay below for longer than batteries, which are generally used to power small submersibles, fuel cells have been taken into consideration for submerged activities (Mashkour et al., 2021). Commercial transport ship propulsion: With such kinds of transport ships like tankers, bulk carries and cruise ships, the challenge from alternative technologies is going to be significantly tougher. This is so because the diesel engines now powering these ships which travel at steady speeds are highly efficient and low-rpm. Sector resistance to abandon a dependable and effective propulsion technology would restrict the utilization of fuel cells (Mashkour et al., 2021). Generally, despite military uses, commercial fuel cell uses must