Received: 3 March 2019 Accepted: 12 May 2020
DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12254
REGULAR ARTICLE
Corruption in agricultural processing firms: A comparison
of cooperatives and investor-owned firms
Murray E. Fulton
1
Konstantinos Giannakas
2
1
Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of
Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
2
Agricultural Economics, University of
Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
Correspondence
Murray Fulton, Johnson Shoyama Grad-
uate School of Public Policy, University
of Saskatchewan, 101 Diefenbaker Place,
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8, Canada.
Email: Murray.Fulton@usask.ca
Abstract
This paper examines managerial corruption in cooperatives (co-ops) and
investor-owned firms (IOFs), including its impact on prices and farmer wel-
fare. Even when co-op managers have greater incentives to engage in corruption
because of the co-op’s larger production, the resulting corruption is not suffi-
cient to offset the competitive effect that co-ops exert vis-à-vis IOFs. This conclu-
sion holds regardless of the functional form of the production function, the farm
input supply curve, and the demand curve for the processed product. In addition
to showing the robustness of the competition effect, the paper provides a highly
flexible modeling framework that can be used to examine other co-op behavior
questions.
KEYWORDS
cooperatives, corruption, investor-owned firms, mixed oligopsony
JEL CLASSIFICATION
D23, D71, L29, P13
Abstrait
Cet article examine la corruption managériale dans les coopératives (coop) et les entreprises appartenant à des investis-
seurs (EAI), y compris son impact sur les prix et le bien-être des agriculteurs. Même lorsque les gestionnaires de coops
sont davantage incités à se livrer à la corruption en raison de la production plus importante de la coop, la corruption
qui en résulte n’est pas suffisante pour compenser l’effet concurrentiel que les coops exercent vis-à-vis des EAI. Cette
conclusion est valable, quelle que soit la forme fonctionnelle de la fonction de production, la courbe d’offre d’intrants
agricoles et la courbe de demande pour le produit transformé. En plus de montrer la robustesse de l’effet de concur-
rence, le document fournit un cadre de modélisation très flexible qui peut être utilisé pour examiner d’autres questions
concernant le comportement des coops.
1 INTRODUCTION
Cooperatives (co-ops), like other forms of business firms, operate within the prevailing economic environment. Corruption
is an important part of this environment in many countries (Schneider, 2007). Although the literature is limited, there
is evidence that co-ops experience corruption by managers, board members, and/or government officials. Corruption is
viewed as a situation where there is “. . . some aspect of transaction for personal gain, ignoring of community trust, misuse
Cand J Agr Econ. 2020;1–16. © 2020 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cjag