Research Article
Results on Uniqueness of Solution of Nonhomogeneous
Impulsive Retarded Equation Using the Generalized Ordinary
Differential Equation
D. K. Igobi and U. Abasiekwere
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Nigeria
Correspondence should be addressed to D. K. Igobi; dodiigobi@gmail.com
Received 5 January 2019; Accepted 5 March 2019; Published 20 March 2019
Academic Editor: Xiaodi Li
Copyright © 2019 D. K. Igobi and U. Abasiekwere. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
In this work, we consider an initial value problem of a nonhomogeneous retarded functional equation coupled with the impulsive
term. Te fundamental matrix theorem is employed to derive the integral equivalent of the equation which is Lebesgue integrable.
Te integral equivalent equation with impulses satisfying the Carath´ eodory and Lipschitz conditions is embedded in the space
of generalized ordinary diferential equations (GODEs), and the correspondence between the generalized ordinary diferential
equation and the nonhomogeneous retarded equation coupled with impulsive term is established by the construction of a local
fow by means of a topological dynamic satisfying certain technical conditions. Te uniqueness of the equation solution is proved.
Te results obtained follow the primitive Riemann concept of integration from a simple understanding.
1. Introduction
Te dynamic of an evolving system is most ofen subjected
to abrupt changes such as shocks, harvesting, and natural
disasters. When the efects of these abrupt changes are trivial
the classical diferential equation is most suitable for the
modeling of the system. But for short-term perturbation that
acts in the form of impulses, the impulsive delay diferential
equation becomes handy. An impulsive retarded diferential
equation is a delay equation coupled with a diference
equation known as the impulsive term. Among the earliest
research work on impulsive diferential equation was the arti-
cle by Milman and Myshkis [1]. Tereafer, growing research
interest in the qualitative analysis of the properties of the
impulsive retarded equation increases, as seen in the works
of Igobi and Ndiyo [2], Isaac and Lipcsey [3], Benchohra
and Ntouyas [4], Federson and Schwabik [5], Federson and
Taboas [6], Argawal and Saker [7], and Ballinger [8].
Te introduction of the generalized ordinary diferential
equation in the Banach space function by Kurzweil [9] has
become a valuable mathematical tool for the investigation
of the qualitative properties of continuous and discrete
systems from common sense. Te topological dynamic of
the Kurzweil equation considers the limit point of the
translate
→ (, + ) under the assumptions that the
limiting equation satisfying the Lipschitz and Carath´ eodory
conditions is not an ordinary diferential equation, and the
space of the ordinary equation is not complete. But if the
ordinary diferential equation is embedded in the Kurzweil
equations we obtained a complete and compact space, such
that the techniques of the topological translate can be applied.
A more relaxed Kurzweil condition was presented in the
article by Artstein [10]. He considered the metric topology
characterized by the convergence
→
0
∫
0
(, ) → ∫
0
(, ) , (1)
with the following properties:
(i) ⊂ is a compact set; then there exists a locally
Lebesgue integrable function
() such that
(, )
≤
() , ∈, (2)
Hindawi
International Journal of Differential Equations
Volume 2019, Article ID 2523615, 9 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2523615