Fuzzy Sets and Systems 144 (2004) 313–343 www.elsevier.com/locate/fss A non-cooperative neuro-fuzzy system for integrating ATIS and ATMS decisions Yaser E. Hawas ∗ Civil Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17555, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates Received 19 April 2002; received in revised form 23 February 2003; accepted 7 March 2003 Abstract This paper addresses the problem of integrating successful existing implementations of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Advanced Trac Management Systems (ATMS). The methodologies and challenges to integrate ATIS and ATMS are addressed in details. This paper discusses in details the de- velopment of a rule-based neuro-fuzzy logic to integrate existing ATIS and ATMS when they operate in a non-cooperative manner. The individual existing logics are initially upgraded to the so-called ATIS and ATMS stand-alone systems, which may be regarded as bi-level optimization systems. The upper level (of the bi-level optimization system) represents an augmented process for guessing the counter system’s decisions, and the lower level represents the existing logic (of ATIS or ATMS). The stand-alone systems are then replicated by simulation-based optimization algorithms, which are used to generate the training data necessary to calibrate the neuro-fuzzy logic. The role of the neural nets and the methodology of fuzzy-logic calibration are discussed in details. The eectiveness and robustness (of the neuro-fuzzy integrated ATIS/ATMS system) are assessed using simulation-based experiments with two dierent hypothetical networks. c  2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Signal control; Trac assignment; Integration; Fuzzy logic; Neural nets; Optimization; Simulation 1. Introduction Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) oer alternatives to traditional methodologies for addressing transportation problems and needs. ITS refer to the advanced technologies applied in transportation systems to make them safer, and more ecient. The paper addresses in brief two main subsystems of the ITS architecture; the Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and the Advanced Trac Management Systems (ATMS). ATIS refer to the subsystems to provide trip * Tel.: +971-3-7051699; fax: +971-3-7623154. E-mail address: y.hawas@uaeu.ac.ae (Y.E. Hawas). 0165-0114/$ - see front matter c  2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0165-0114(03)00122-2