36 A. BULIĆ, THE MANIFESTATION OF PROSOCIAL AND ... HUMAN, Volume 6, Issue 2, 2016 In this paper we present the results of research on a sample of 101 children. All children attending kindergarten "Sunčica" that exists within the Public Institution for pre-school education "Our child" Tuzla. Our goal was to investigate and determine which behavior, prosocial or aggressive, is more manifested by pre-school children. Also, we wanted to de- termine whether there is a signifcant difference in the expression of aggressive and prosocial behavior of children in relation to their age and gender. The results we obtained showed that preschool children manifested more prosocial than aggressive behavior, that there are signifcant differences in the expression of prosocial and aggressive behavior of children in relation to sex, and that there are signifcant differences between certain age groups of children in the context of prosocial behavior while among some age groups in the context of prosocial behavior and among all age groups in context of aggressive behavior there were no statistically signifcant differences. Key words: prosocial behavior, aggressive behavior, children, kindergarten. Aid Bulić 1 Original scientifc paper Gabriel Pinkas Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, B&H Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, B&H Received: 26.06.2016 Accepted: 27.08.2016 ABSTRACT 1 Correspodence to: Aid Bulić, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla Dr. Tihomila Markovića br.1, Tuzla, B&H Phone: +387 61 410 809 E-mail: aid.bulic@gmail.com The frst social environment in which the child re- sides is family. The frst social experience acquired through the family through interaction and commu- nication primarily with parents and other members of the family. When it starts attending kindergar- ten, a child is faced with new situations for which it needs social skills in order to successfully master them. "The social experiences gained from family in the preschool years are the basis of all future re- lationships" (Brajša-Žganec, 2003, p. 76). From the foregoing we can see that parents are the most im- portant factors of children's social development in the preschool period, and that their relationship to children and others, will largely depend on the be- havior of children in other social contexts. Prosocial or aggressive manifestations by preschool children are undoubtedly strong infuenced by their parents. In addition to that the unquestionable infuence par- ents have on the appearance of prosociality and ag- gressiveness of preschoolers, the logical question that arises is: why is the prosocial and aggressive be- havior of preschoolers interesting to us? The answer would be: because the expression or non-expression of the mentioned behaviors of children in the pre- school period may represent one of the important factors that will determine the direction of develop- ment of children in the future. Also, we are interested in the relationship between the aforementioned behaviors. Their defnition in the following chapters will give us a clearer picture that these are behaviors that are on opposite sides of the same continuum. If this was indeed the case, also confrmed by different authors who more or less agree with the previous statement. INTRODUCTION THE MANIFESTATION OF PROSOCIAL AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DEPENDING ON SEX AND AGE DOI: 10.21554/hrr.091606