INTRODUCTION
During the last decade, the disposal of large volumes of
solid urban waste has represented a concern for many
countries. The problems created by plastic wastes
became particularly important because of the
environmental problems caused by their long life and
complicated elimination.
1–3
Since polypropylene (PP) is
one of the most widely used commodity polymers with
a large number of applications, there is no doubt that
the huge quantities that are disposed of comprise a
large part of total plastic waste. The recycling of
residues generated during the processing of PP is a
common procedure in some industries; with the
recycled material retaining the main properties of
virgin PP. Generally, recycling primary scraps of PP do
not cause significant changes in average molecular
weight, polymer chain structure and morphology; on
the other hand, repeated extrusions could affect the
molecular weight as a consequence of the weakness of
the tertiary carbon in the PP chain and its possible
oxidation.
4
Despite the good properties of the material,
the most usual application of recycled PP is for the
manufacture of low-cost products.
4,5
The introduction of metallocene technology has
allowed the use of new strategies for the polymerisation
of olefines used in the synthesis of elastomers.
6
This is the
reason for the introduction of a new family of ethylene-
/α-olefine co-polymers with a narrow molecular weight
distribution, as well as the use of thermoplastic elasto-
mers based on blends of ethylene–propylene (EPDM)
and PP. The addition of both materials improved some of
the mechanical properties of recycled PP, such as impact
at low temperatures. Another promising possibility is the
use of polyethylene (PE) elastomers, which may compete
with EPDM terpolymers for blending with PP in
pellets.
7,8
Some work has been carried out on the influence of
the blending process on the morphology and final
properties of PP/rubber systems.
9–13
The main goal of the
current work was the rheological and mechanical
characterisation of blends of recycled PP with
elastomeric additives.
Plastics, Rubber and Composites 2003 Vol. 32 No. 8/9 357 DOI 10.1179/146580103225004126
Processing and properties of recycled
polypropylene modified with elastomers
A. Jiménez, L. Torre and J. M. Kenny
This work presents a study of the processability and the characterisation of blends of
recycled polypropylene (PP) with two different elastomers. The aim of the work was
to demonstrate that the introduction of an elastomeric phase could improve the
properties of recycled PP without changing the processing characteristics of the
blends in terms of viscosity and temperature. The study was carried out using thermal
analysis, thermomechanical analysis and rheological measurements. The rheological
analysis of blends of recycled PP and elastomeric additives showed that, despite the
different rheological behaviour of the added elastomers, the properties of the blends
were dominated by the thermoplastic (PP) phase. A thermogravimetric analysis of
the selected blends allowed the calculation of the parameters related to the thermal
degradation of such materials and the main results indicated that there were no
significant differences between virgin and recycled PP in terms of behaviour at high
temperatures. Furthermore, the blending of recycled PP with elastomers did not
result in a significant change in thermal degradation behaviour. Crystallisation
studies showed that blending polypropylene with elastomers influenced the rate and
amount of crystallisation, which increased at low additive concentrations and then
decreased at a higher elastomer content. Thermomechanical analysis showed the
immiscible character of the blends. The mechanical properties of the blends were
affected by the concentration of elastomer, which also influenced the crystallinity of
the material. PCR/2018
Keywords: Processing, recycled polypropylene, elastomers
© 2003 IoM Communications Ltd. Published by Maney for the Institute of
Materials, Minerals and Mining. A. Jiménez is in the Department of Analytical
Chemistry, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; L. Torre (for
correspondence torrel@unipg.it) and J. M. Kenny are in the Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Loc. Pentima Bassa 21,
05100 Terni, Italy. Manuscript received 18 February 2003, accepted in final form
23 October 2003.