ISSN 1923-1555[Print]
ISSN 1923-1563[Online]
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Studies in Literature and Language
Vol. 4, No. 3, 2012, pp. 8-14
DOI:10.3968/j.sll.1923156320120403.1230
8
Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture
Language Policy and Minority Language Education in Nigeria: Cross River
State Educational Experience
Roseline I. Ndimele
[a],*
[a]
Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies, Abia State
University, Uturu, Nigeria.
*
Corresponding author.
Received 20 April 2012; accepted 23 May 2012.
Abstract
The politics of language is a very sensitive issue in
Nigeria as language can hardly be detached from the
apron strings of the people’s senses of identity and loyalty.
This paper examines the concept of language policy and
planning in Nigeria and its implication for education in
the minority languages, with emphasis on the languages
of Cross River State. The study discovers that there is no
robust and well-articulated language planning framework
in the country but only a language provision of the
National Policy on Education (NPE). This reinforces the
operation of language in education planning process,
which unfortunately does not guarantee or strengthen
literacy in the indigenous languages especially the so-
called minority languages of Nigeria. The paper goes
ahead to recommend the development of a functional and
articulate language policy framework which can arrest
the imminent crisis of endangerment and extinction of the
indigenous languages in Cross River State.
Key words: Minority language education; Cross
River State; Nigeria; Language policy; Extinction of
languages
Roseline I. Ndimele (2012). Language Policy and Minority Language
Education in Nigeria: Cross River State Educational Experience. Studies
in Literature and Language , 4 (3), 8-14. Available from URL: http://www.
cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/j.sll.1923156320120403.1230
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.sll.1923156320120403.1230
INTRODUCTION
There is no comprehensive census on Nigerian languages
to date but there are varying accounts of the number of
languages spoken in Nigeria by linguists and language
experts based on approximations and estimations. Grimes
(1996) puts the fgure at 515, Blench and Crozier (1992)
agreed on 440, Bendor-Samuel and Standford (1976)
enumerated 394 among others. Out of this number, only
36 have approved orthographies while the development
of orthographies for another 6 is on-going (based on the
figures released by the Nigerian Educational Research
and Development Council (NERDC). The implication is
that these 36 are the only languages with the prospects
of literacy, literature and cultural expression. In spite
of this potential, it is discovered that only a handful,
possibly. Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa and a few others are
actually languages of education in most Nigerian schools.
In Cross River, a South Eastern State where this study
in concerned, where over forty languages are spoken,
only, one, Efk is taught, not as a medium of instruction
but merely as a curriculum subject in a section of the
state where it is spoken as the language of the immediate
environment. Many other ‘small’ languages are on the
verge of extinction given the problem of absence of social
transmission and the impact of globalization and the new
information/communication technology. In this paper, we
examine the concepts of language policy and planning
and situate them in the context of the minority indigenous
languages in education, using the languages of Cross
River State as our reference point. In the discussion that
follows, we examine the language situation in Nigeria
from the perspective of Nigeria languages in education.