The Photographic Effect: Making Pictures After Photography, 1860-1895 by Emily M. Talbot A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History of Art) in the University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Professor Susan L. Siegfried, Chair Professor Matthew N. Biro Professor Michèle A. Hannoosh Associate Professor Howard G. Lay Professor Alexander D. Potts