~ 216 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2021; 10(6): 216-219 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com JPP 2021; 10(6): 216-219 Received: 18-09-2021 Accepted: 24-10-2021 Chitta Ranjan Deb Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland, India T Ibeeka Sharma Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland, India Corresponding Author: Chitta Ranjan Deb Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland, India Ethnomedicinal plants with anti-diabetic property used by tribes of Nagaland, India: A review Chitta Ranjan Deb and T Ibeeka Sharma Abstract Nagaland is a state of North Eastern region of India and a part of Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hotspot. The state is very rich in flora and fauna due to favorable agro-climatic condition. Tribes of Nagaland have been using various plants to treat different kind of diseases including diabetes. Since herbal drugs have lesser or no side effect, plant based herbal drugs are very popular in the state. This communication intended to review of the past researches in the state on use of different plant and plant parts for treating/controlling diabetes. Systematic review of literatures reveals that till date a total of 47 plants belonging to 29 families are used as anti-diabetic by different tribes in the state. Though, these plants/parts are being used for anti-diabetic ethnomedicinal purpose, there is no or very limited information available on characterization of anti-diabetic potential active molecules/compounds from these plants, thus warrants isolation and identification of anti-diabetic compounds from these plants. Keywords: Ethnomedicinal plants, tribes, diabetes, Nagaland 1. Introduction Diabetes is a chronic, complex metabolic disorder with numerous acute and chronic consequences [1] . The body cells cannot metabolize carbohydrate properly and there is abnormal increase in blood sugar level resulting from insulin deficiency. The pathogenic process of development of diabetes includes autoimmune destruction of beta cells of pancreas and abnormalities in metabolism [2] . Failure of organ systems such as heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidney and nerves are the long-term effect of diabetes which can ultimately leads to death [3] . Sign and symptoms of diabetes include weight loss, polyuria, hypertension, blurred vision, polydipsia, polyphagia, tachycardia [4] . Here are two type of diabetes: Type 1 is absolute deficiency of insulin. Here, Islets of Langerhans in pancreas that produce β cell are destructed autoimmune. Type 2 is relative deficiency resulting from impaired insulin secretion and resistance its action [5] . By 2020, 34.2 million have been diagnosed with Diabetes [6] . The severe complicacy as a result of diabetes includes cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, stroke etc. Out of 14166 patient, a total of 356 death occurred every year [7] . According Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the cause for Type 1 diabetes is unclear but a having them in family history is a risk factor and there are no preventive measures for Type 1 diabetes. For type 2 diabetes, risk factors include overweight, older than 45 year, physically inactive for less than 3times a week or have a history of diabetes in the family. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented with losing weight, eating healthier and getting regular physical exercise. By the year 2000, India has the highest record in diabetes with 31.7 million diabetes patients [8] . The underlying goal of all diabetes treatment and management is to maintain an adequate blood glucose concentration. Type 1 is usually treated with exogenous insulin and Type 2 with oral hypoglycaemic agents [9] . Plants based diet are rich in fiber, antioxidants and they reduce insulin resistance, inhibit glucose absorption, enhance glucose uptake and also promote weight loss. Limiting the intake of red meat and increasing plant in diet reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease leading from diabetes and since they are low in saturated fat, accumulation of toxic fat in hepatic and muscle cells that cause impairment in insulin signaling is also reduced [10] . Herbal drugs have lesser or no side effects and are less expensive as compared to synthetic drugs. Herbal medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties can induce release of insulin in Islets of Langerhans in pancreas and also act as insulin sensitizer [11] . Therefore, identification and isolation of anti- hyperglycemic compounds from the plants has become more and more important these days. The ethno-botanical information reports about 800 plants that may possess anti-diabetic potential [12] . Several anti-diabetic plants has been confirm for its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of hypoglycemic effect are being studied [13] . Glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoid, carotenoids etc. are frequently implicated to