International-level Cultural Diplomacy: Analysis of the
Polewali Mandar International Folk and Art Festival
(PIFAF) in The International Relations Perspective
Asma Amin
1
, Andi Ismira
2
{asmaamin@unsulbar.ac.id
1
, andi.ismira@unsulbar.ac.id
2
}
1,2
Departement of International Relations, Universitas Sulawesi Barat,
Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Baharuddin Lopa, SH., Majene, West Sulawesi, 91412, Indonesia.
Abstract. This study aims to analyze the Polewali Mandar International Folk and Art
Festival (PIFAF) event based on International Relations perspectives as a culture
diplomacy designed by government of Polewali Mandar Regency (Youth, Sports and
Tourism Office) in international level. The study used qualitative research methods
through primary and secondary data through three methods: interviews; document-based
research; and internet-literature research. The Data used between year 2016-2018. The
results showed that PIFAF's effective soft power for the Polewali Mandar District
Government introduced and preserved the cultural arts of the Mandar tradition and at the
same time as a promotion or cultural diplomacy in attracting local and foreign tourists to
Polewali Mandar. The PIFAF implementation shows the interaction between multi actors
who cross national boundaries and are able to produce a multipplier effect for all parties,
both in the form of culture/art values and commercial values. At present, the PIFAF is
included in the 100 wonderfull Indonesia Calendar of Events and list of festivals CIOFF.
Keywords: PIFAF, Polewali Mandar, Cultural Diplomacy, International Relation, Soft
Power
1. Introduction
Discussion of the correlation between culture and diplomacy has been carried out since the
beginning of civilization, but the study of international relations has put a little attention to the
existence of culture, compared to political and economic perspectives [1]. This is closely related to
the development of traditional international relations approaches that focus more on high issues
such as politics and war. The shift in the study of international relations towards non traditionalist
soft issues has provided space for contemporary diplomacy that allows diplomacy practitioners
and practitioners to widen the scope of diplomacy which is marked by the development of fields of
diplomacy such as economic, military, e-diplomacy and cultural diplomacy [2].
The historical legacy of cold war has given a negative connotation to cultural diplomacy
because it is considered as an activity of manipulation of cultural material and agents of cultural
diplomacy for propaganda purposes, so it is often interpreted the same as propaganda itself.
Cultural diplomacy is also often exchanged as "public diplomacy" and "cultural exchange", [3],[4].
According to the US Department of State 1959, cultural diplomacy is "direct and enduring"
ICEASD 2019, April 01-02, Indonesia
Copyright © 2019 EAI
DOI 10.4108/eai.1-4-2019.2287177