Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2016, 5, 21-29 21
E-ISSN: 1929-5030/16 © 2016 Lifescience Global
Colloidal Hydroxyapatite/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Hybrids Using Calcium
Sucrate and Ammoniumdihydrogen Orthophosphate
W.P.S.L. Wijesinghe
1,2
, M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka
1,2
, A.M.C.P. Weerasinghe
3
,
K.M. Nalin de Silva
4
, T.P. Gamagedara
1,2
and R.M.G. Rajapakse
1,2,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, 20400 Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, 20400 Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, 20400 Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
4
Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology and Science Park, Mahenwatta, Pitipana,
Homagama, Sri Lanka
Abstract: This manuscript is concerned with a simple and novel method to synthesize hydroxyapatite-poly(acylic acid)
hybrid materials for broad range of applications. In this method, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are synthesized using
calcium sucrate and ammoniumdihydrogen orthophosphate in the presence of poly(acrylic acid). Increase in poly(acrylic
acid) concentration in the synthesis medium results in the increase in the hydrodynamic radius of particle size allowing
increased hydration. Poly(acylic acid) tends to control both crystallite size and colloidal stability. Increase in poly(acrylic
acid) concentration decreases the crystallite size of the products but considerably increases their shelf life as stable
colloidal solutions. Thermo gravimetric analysis shows that there are no combustible or volatile impurities present in
these samples. This is further supported by FT-IR studies, which show three types of interactions between
hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and poly(acrylic acid).
Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Poly(acrylic acid), Stable colloids, Hybrid materials, Calcium sucrate.
1. INTRODUCTION
Stable dispersions of colloidal hydroxyapatite
[Ca
10
(PO
4
)
6
(OH)
2
] (HA) nanoparticles are very useful in
biomedical fields. Therefore, it is essential to preserve
HA nanoparticles as dispersions for a prolonged period
in order to use them in wide-range of biomedical
applications [1]. Well-stabilized HA colloids are mainly
used in the preparation of HA-coated, biocompatible
metal prostheses which are prepared by electro-
deposition and dip-coating techniques [2]. Furthermore,
colloidal HA nanoparticles are used as delivery
systems of peptides, proteins, and DNA therapeutics
and as a dental adhesive [3, 4]. Water-soluble,
biocompatible polymers are used in the stabilization of
HA nanoparticles in their colloidal forms. The resulting
material is a polymer/HA hybrid. Furthermore, the
phase, morphology and particle size of HA in the
composite are controlled by the polymer [5]. Therefore,
preparation of such hybrid materials is very important
to prepare HA for specific applications.
Bone is an excellent example for an organic/HA
nanohybrid which is made up of HA nanoparticles and
collagen protein fibers [6, 7]. Collagen fibers provide a
structural framework for the bone and HA nanoparticles
*Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, 20400 Peradeniya, Sri Lanka;
Tel: +94 81 2394442; E-mail: rmgr@pdn.ac.lk
are dispersed in collagen matrix [8, 9]. Therefore, HA
nanoparticles are synthesized to use in biomedical
applications with structurally and compositionally
similar characteristics to natural HA in bones [10].
However, it is not possible to produce artificial bones
with synthetic HA alone to mimic natural bones, for
them to be used in biomedical applications such as
bone remodeling, mechanical stability and carrier for
drugs/growth factors [11]. Therefore, synthetic HA
nanoparticles are combined with biocompatible and
biodegradable organic polymers such as poly(acrylic
acid) (PAA) [12, 13], poly(lactic acid) [14],
poly(caprolactone) [15], and gelatin [16-18] in order to
prepare hybrid materials to suit different biomedical
applications [19]. These hybrid materials containing
biodegradable polymers are degraded after introducing
to the body as bone fillers [11]. Mechanical properties
of HA can also be enhanced by combining with the
polymers [18, 20]. Therefore, HA-polymer hybrid
materials play a vital role in biomedical applications
[18, 21].
Hybrid materials should be homogenously
dispersed when they are used as bone cements and
drug delivery agents. Most of the researchers have re-
dispersed HA hybrid materials in different solvents [22,
23]. Generally, PAA is used to deliver drugs individually
and also by combining with the other polymers. As
such, PAA-HA hybrids also can deliver drugs or growth
factors when they are applied in biomedical devices