International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST)
ISSN(online): 2347-5552, Volume-11, Issue-2, March 2023
https://doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2023.11.2.4
Article ID IRP1359, Pages 19-21
www.ijircst.org
Innovative Research Publication 19
Effect of Internal Resistance on Electric Current in a Closed
Circuit
Mega Puspita Sari
1
, Indri Dayana
2
, and Habib Satria
3
1,2,3
Engineering Faculty, Universitas Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia
Copyright © 2023 Made Mega Puspita Sari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT- The research aims to determine the effect of
internal resistance on electric current in a closed circuit. The
Sample of this study of 20 sample variation.The research
method used was the ex post facto method, by not providing
treatment but directly conducting related evaluations. Data
analysis technique used is by regression analysis. From the
results of the analysis it was found that Freghitung= 4.282
and Freg-table = 4.130 (Freg-count > Freg-table), so the
conclusion of this study is that there is a very large effect of
internal resistance on electric current in a closed circuit.
KEYWORDS: Internal Resistance; Electric Current;
Closed Circuit
I. INTRODUCTION
Electricity is one of the basic human needs today. All
activities of daily life require electricity to help sustain these
human activities.for electricity in a closed circuit, continuity
works if there is an electric current. The greater the electric
current, the better for electrical energy [1].
Electrical resistance affects the electric current. for electric
current in a closed circuit there are two electrical resistances,
external resistance and internal resistance are usually
included in the total resistance [2].
A closed electrical circuit is a series of electrical components,
such as sources of electric current, cables and electronic
devices, where the two ends of the cable are connected to the
two poles of the electric current source so that electric current
flows in the circuit [3].
During the flow of current, we can notice that the current
flows from positive to negative terminal in the external
circuit but flows from negative to positive through the
electrolyte of the cell. As a result, the electrolyte
providesresistance to the current flow. This is Internal
Resistance [4].
The relationship between internal Resistance (r) and e.m.f.
(e) of an electric cell in the presence of external resistance
(R) across the cell is – e = I (r + R)………………..(1)
We can also write this equation as: e = Ir + IR. The terminal
voltage of a cell (V) = current flowing in a conductor (I)
Resistance of the conductor (r). The equation for
electromotive force changes to: e = V + Ir e = V + v...(2)
[5].
How big is the effect of the internal resistance on the electric
current, this is what is raised in this paper.
II. RESEARCH METHODS
This research method is Ex post facto. The definition of ex
post facto is after the fact, namely research conducted after
an incident occurred [6].
This method was chosen because researchers cannot control
independent variables through manipulation or experimental
treatment because treatment already exists and has occurred
before by other people who are not researchers [7]. Thus,
Researchers did not look at other factors besides factors
including voltage, external resistance, internal resistance and
electric current strength.
The general equation of simple linear regression is
Y = a + b X……………………………..(3)
Then calculate the value of F using the formula:
F=S
2
reg/S
2
sisa…………………………………….(4)
F-count compared to F-table with dk quantifier = 1 and
denominator = n-2 uses an error level of 5% with the criteria
F-count > F-table [8]. Then determine the correlation
coefficient between the two variables using the rough
product moment correlation formula as follows:
r
xy
=
…………………………………………………(5)
By criteria; if the price of Freg > Ftable with a significant
level of 5% then the data is significant [8,9].
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tabel 1: Frequency Distribution of Data from internal
resistance for fixed voltage
No R r E I
1 1,0 0,1 20 18,18
2 1,5 0,2 20 11,76
3 2,0 0,3 20 8, 70
4 2,5 0,4 20 6,90
5 3,0 0,5 20 5,71
6 3,5 0,6 20 4,88
7 4,0 0,7 20 2,26
8 4,5 0,8 20 3,77
9 5,0 0,9 20 3,39
10 5,5 1,0 20 3,33
Amount 2,7 0,55 20 6,02
nX
i
Y
i
(X
i
)(Y
i
)
n X (
2
X )
2
i i
n
Y (Y )
2
2
i i