Advances in Anthropology, 2020, 10, 169-180 https://www.scirp.org/journal/aa ISSN Online: 2163-9361 ISSN Print: 2163-9353 DOI: 10.4236/aa.2020.102010 May 27, 2020 169 Advances in Anthropology Validation of the DSP2 Tool in a Contemporary Identified Skeletal Collection from Northeastern Brazil Salen Marchesi de Almeida 1* , Marcus Vitor Diniz de Carvalho 1 , Maria Carolina Tavares de Lyra Menezes 1 , Gabriela Granja Porto Petraki 1 , Eugénia Cunha 2 , Evelyne Pessoa Soriano 1 1 Center for Studies in Forensic Anthropology (CEAF), University of Pernambuco/UPE, Camaragibe, Brazil 2 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Abstract The Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste v.2 (DSP2) is an accurate tool used for es- timating the sex of an individual through the os coxae. The goal of this study was to verify the applicability of the DSP2 tool in a skeletal sample from Northeastern Brazil and to attest for its precision, accuracy, and reliability. The sample was composed of 301 os coxae from the Center for Studies in Fo- rensic Anthropology of the College of Odontology from the University of Pernambuco, in Pernambuco, Brazil. The results reveal that it was possible to correctly estimate the sex of 83.7% of the total sample. The error rate was 0.4%, and the percentage of undetermined individuals varied according to the combination of measurements used. The results demonstrated a high index of accuracy and a low error rate, indicating that DSP2 is a reliable tool for sex estimation applied to this studied Brazilian population. Keywords Forensic Anthropology Population Data, Forensic Anthropology, Sex Estimation, Probabilistic Sex Diagnosis, Os Coxae 1. Introduction The biological profile of skeletal remains performed when forensic anthropolog- ical analysis is essential for the identification of individuals (Krishan et al., 2016). The os coxae display their sexual dimorphism pattern throughout the entire How to cite this paper: de Almeida, S. M., de Carvalho, M. V. D., de Lyra Menezes, M. C. T., Petraki, G. G. P., Cunha, E., & Soriano, E. P. (2020). Validation of the DSP2 Tool in a Contemporary Identified Skeletal Collec- tion from Northeastern Brazil. Advances in Anthropology, 10, 169-180. https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2020.102010 Received: May 2, 2020 Accepted: May 24, 2020 Published: May 27, 2020 Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access