Review of Educational Research June 2020, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 420–456 DOI:10.3102/0034654320919352 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions © 2020 AERA. http://rer.aera.net 420 A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relations Between Motivation and Reading Achievement for K–12 Students Jessica R. Toste The University of Texas at Austin The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk Lisa Didion University of Iowa Peng Peng , Marissa J. Filderman, and Amanda M. McClelland The University of Texas at Austin The purpose of this meta-analytic review was to investigate the relation between motivation and reading achievement among students in kindergar- ten through 12th grade. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed published research resulted in 132 articles with 185 independent samples and 1,154 reported effect sizes (Pearson’s r). Results of our random-effects metare- gression model indicate a significant, moderate relation between motivation and reading, r = .22, p < .001. Moderation analyses revealed that the moti- vation construct being measured influenced the relation between motivation and reading. There were no other significant moderating or interaction effects related to reading domain, sample type, or grade level. Evidence to support the bidirectional nature of the relation between motivation and reading was provided through longitudinal analyses, with findings suggest- ing that earlier reading is a stronger predictor of later motivation than moti- vation is of reading. Taken together, the findings from this meta-analysis provide a better understanding of how motivational processes relate to read- ing performance, which has important implications for developing effective instructional practices and fostering students’ active engagement in read- ing. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for reading development are discussed. KEYWORDS: motivation, reading, elementary, secondary, meta-analysis 919352RER XX X 10.3102/0034654320919352Toste et al.Motivation and Reading Achievement research-article 2020