International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
4887
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: D8362118419/2019©BEIESP
DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D8362.118419
Machine Learning Based Classification Models for
Financial Crisis Prediction
S. Anand Christy, R.Arunkumar
Abstract: Financial Crisis Prediction (FCP) being the most
complicated and expected problem to be solved from the context
of corporate organization, small scale to large scale industries,
investors, bank organizations and government agencies, it is
important to design a framework to determine a methodology that
will reveal a solution for early prediction of the Financial Crisis
Prediction (FCP). Earlier methods are reviewed through the
various works in statistical techniques applied to solve the
problem. However, it is not sufficient to predict the results with
much more intelligence and automated manner. The major
objective of this paper is to enhance the early prediction of
Financial Crisis in any organization based on machine learning
models like Multilayer Perceptron, Radial basis Function (RBF)
Network, Logistic regression and Deep Learning methods and
conduct a comparative analysis of them to determine the best
methods for Financial Crisis Prediction (FDP). The testing is
conducted with globalized benchmark datasets namely German
dataset, Weislaw dataset and Polish Dataset. The testing is
performed in both WEKA and Rapid Miner Framework design
and obtained with accuracies and other performance measures
like False Positive Rate (FPR), False Negative Rate (FNR),
Precision, Recall, F-score and Kappa that would determine the
best result from specific algorithm that will intelligently identify
the financial crisis before it actually occurs in an organization.
The results achieved the algorithms DL, MLP, LR and RBF
Network with accuracies 96%, 72.10%, 75.20% and 74% on
German Dataset, 91.25%, 85.83%, 83.75% and 73.75% on
Weislaw dataset, 99.70%, 96.30%, 96.21% and 96.14 on Polish
dataset respectively. It is evident from all the predictive results
and the analytics in Rapid Miner that Deep Learning (DL) is the
best classifier and performer among other machine learners and
classifiers. This method will enhance the future predictions and
would provide efficient solutions for financial crisis predictions.
Keywords: Financial Crisis Prediction; Machine learning;
Artificial intelligence; Deep learning
I. INTRODUCTION
Financial companies, corporate, borrowing firms as well as
government agencies urge to design models to effectively
investigate the possibility of counterparty default. Though
default actions act in a stochastic manner, financial data can
be employed to design financial crisis prediction (FCP)
models. For instance, [1], applied the multivariate statistic
methodologies basically, discriminant analysis for
classifying solvent and insolvent companies by exploiting
financial data.
The financial crisis happens not only because of bankruptcy
and also due to the degrading of debt ratings of credit-
related properties.
Revised Manuscript Received on November 15, 2019
* Correspondence Author
S. Anand Christy*, Department of Computer and Information Science,
Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Cuddalore, TamilNadu, India.
Email: scholarchristy83@gmail.com
Dr.R.Arunkumar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Cuddalore, TamilNadu, India.
Email: arunkumar_an@yahoo.com
Though default approaches have been used for the past
years, the 2007/2008 financial crisis lead to the effective
FCP models with utmost priority. But, [2] suggested that no
standard theories or models exists for corporate FCP. The
absence of theoretical model to investigate financial crisis
for exploratory actions for the identification of discriminant
features and prediction models using trial and error [3][4].
The academicians and professionals wanted to
enhance the performance of FCP models by the use of
diverse quantitative models. For example, [5] developed the
earliest logistic regression (LR) approach for default
computation.
Contrastingly, [1] provides a score to classify the
observations as either good or bad customers; Ohlson‘s
model computes the standard possibility of the significant.
Assuming the relative ease of performing discriminant
analysis and logistic regression, different works has been
done to carry out identical tests. However, [6] disagreed that
the famous Altman (1968) and Ohlson (1980) models are
not precise and recommended the requirement of
improvements in the modeling of default risks. Researchers
discovered the artificial intelligence and ML approaches to
measure credit risk using the recent technologies. As the
investigation of financial crisis is identical to the pattern-
recognition problems, methodologies can be employed for
the classification of the creditworthiness, hence enhancing
the conventional methods using earlier multivariate
statistical methodologies like discriminant analysis and LR.
Artificial neural networks (ANN) are also employed in
various forms and the integration of ML algorithms in FCP
is found to be interesting. Though numerous works has been
investigated FCP by the use of recent techniques, [2] found
that the results has not identifies the novel approach.
More number of FCP models are developed using the
conventional statistical models and early artificial
intelligence models. The key facts of this investigation are
to examine the generous change in forecast exactness
utilizing ML strategies compared to statistical models. This
paper performs a comparative analysis of deep learning
(DL), multilayer Perceptron (MLP), radial basis function
(RBF) network and logistic regression (LR). For evaluation,
three benchmark dataset namely German dataset, Weislaw
dataset and Polish dataset. From experimentation, it is
reported that the DL based classifier outperforms the other
algorithms in terms of various performance measures.
II. RELATED WORKS
FCP using the past history of the financial data is an
interesting topic. Several works has been done on the
domain of FCP [31].Discriminant analysis and Logit
analysis are the widely used statistical models for FCP [32].
Altman Z-score [33] is most highly employed in this
discriminant analysis.