Proceeding of the 4
th
International Conference on Education, Vol. 4, 2018, pp. 104-111
Copyright © 2018 TIIKM
ISSN 2424 - 6700 online
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17501/icedu.2018.4112
Corresponding Author’s Email: *endah.mastuti@psikologi.unair.ac.id
TEST ANXIETY, COMPUTER SELF EFFICACY,
AND PERCEIVED EASE OF USE DURING
COMPUTER-BASED TEST ON FIRST-YEAR
STUDENTS
Endah Mastuti
1*
and Dewi Retno Suminar
1
1
Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
Abstract: This study aims to provide description of psychological factors such as test anxiety,
computer self-efficacy, and perceived ease of use in completing computer-based tests (CBT) on first-
year students. Such study is important because for first year students from different regions, not all
of them have experience of CBT and there are possibilities of various psychological aspects such as
CBT anxiety, Computer Self-Efficacy, and perceived ease of use affecting them in completing CBT.
The subjects are 203 first-year students of Faculty of Psychology Universitas Airlangga. Scales used
in this research include an adaptation of Computer Self-Efficacy scale by Compeau, DR, and
Higgins, CA (1995), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) by Taylor and Diane (2002), Perceived Ease of
Use scale by Davis (1989). The results showed that the student’s test anxiety test during CBT are
categorized as 16.74% low, 76.26% moderate and 7% high. Regarding computer self-efficacy, about
28.57% students had low efficacy, 59.60% with mediocre efficacy and 11.82% had high efficacy. In
term of perceived ease of use of the CBT, 2.46% perceived low ease, 34,48% perceived moderate
degree of ease, while 63,05% perceived high ease of use.
Keywords: Computer self-efficacy, test anxiety, perceived ease of use
Introduction
Technology advancement has been very rapid in the last decades. It certainly affects the human life both in daily
activities and at work. Utilization of technology has a wide range of impacts and important roles. Universities
are among the institutions which are expected to follow the advancement of technology, for instance by utilizing
it for evaluation process. One instance of such application is the use of computer-based test (CBT) for
assessment process.
As one of the new technology innovations, of course CBT is not easily accepted by test-takers. Similar to the
emergence of other technology, it takes some influencing factors for CBT to be fully accepted. This
phenomenon is explained by the Computer-Based Assessment (CBA) Acceptance model. This model explicates
that CBA acceptance can be indicated by intention to use CBA. Further, intention to use CBA is influenced by
some factors, such as perceived ease of use and perceived playfulness (Maqableh et al, 2015).
Some studies on CBT focused on the issue of equivalence by comparing the test score in CBT and in paper-
based test (PBT). Other studies focused on the acceptance of CBT as a new technology. A research pertaining to
CBA, in which CBT is one sort of CBA, by Terzis & Economides (2011), proposed the Computer-Based
Assessment Acceptance Model (CBAAM) and involved eight variables, namely content, perceived playfulness,
perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, goal expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and self-
efficacy in using computer. In addition, another study by Lu and colleagues (2016) found the effect of computer
self-efficacy, training satisfaction, and test anxiety on attitudes towards and performance in computerized
adaptive testing (CAT).