A Systematic Review of Major Entomological Work on Tea, Coffee and Cardamom Crops in Nepal Bipin Karki * Department of Entomology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal ABSTRACT Tea, Large cardamom and coffee are the major commercial crops of Nepal having large export potential. These crops are regarded as most important commercial crops of Nepal as these can improve the livelihood of farmers thus the overall economy of the country. This review revealed that major insects pests of tea in Nepal are stem borers, tea mosquito and mites. Likewise, white stem borer, mealy bugs and scale are major damaging insects of coffee; similarly aphid, thrips, hairy caterpillar and stem borer are serious on large cardamom. Reviewing the literature, the most problem is seen to identify the insects by farmers and available literature regarding the management aspects of these insects are less in Nepal. Hence it is recommended that future researches should focus on the identification and management aspects of these insects to solve and avoid loss from these commercial crops. Keywords: Tea; Coffee; Cardamo; Export; Pest; Pest management INTRODUCTION Tea (Cammelia sinensis), coffee (Coffea arabica) and large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) are key high value commercial crops of Nepal having huge export potential. These crops are important component of Nepalese farming system and have potential to improve livelihood of the farmers. Among these crops, tea is highly profitable and one of the major exported commodity in Nepal. The contribution of tea to agriculture domestic product (AGDP) and agricultural export is 0.17% and 6.48% respectively [1]. The total area covered by tea garden in Nepal is 28732 ha with production of 25206 Mt having productivity 877 kg/ha [2]. The average productivity of tea in Nepal is too low due to various factors. Plant protection factor plays an important role in having low productivity. Coffee is another high value commercial crop having huge export potential. The total area of coffee production in Nepal is 2761 ha with production of 530 Mt having productivity 192 kg/ha [2]. Coffee has contributed 0.01% and 0.65% to AGDP and agricultural export respectively. Similarly, large cardamom contributes 0.70% and 7.03% to AGDP and agricultural export respectively [1]. It is the major cash crops of eastern hilly regions of Nepal grown as perennial cash crops under agroforestry system. The area of production of large cardamom in Nepal is 15,055 ha and production is 7954 Mt having productivity 528 kg/ha [2]. As the productivity of these crops is low as compared to area of production, insect pest damage should be minimized to increase the productivity. This paper has reviewed on major entomological work done in tea, large cardamom and coffee. Mainly, research activities on these crops are carried out by commodity specific programs. So aim of this paper is to review and collect the research activity done in above these crops and set future strategies which would be the guidelines for the further research and development of these crops. LITERATURE REVIEW This review was done by referring many research articles, proceedings, annual reports, agriculture related websites and diaries. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Major entomological research works on tea (Cammelia sinensis) Entomology Division of Nepal Agriculture Research Council conducted key informant survey and focus group discussion in E n t o m o l o g y , O r n it h o l o g y & H e r p e t o l o g y : C u r r e n t R e s e a r c h ISSN: 2161-0983 Entomol Ornithol Herpetol Review Correspondence to: Dr. Bipin Karki, Department of Entomology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal; E-mail: karkidai32@gmail.com Received: December 10, 2020; Accepted: December 24, 2020; Published: December 31, 2020 Citation: Karki B (2020) A Systematic Review of Major Entomological Work on Tea, Coffee and Cardamom Crops in Nepal. Entomol Ornithol Herpetol. 10; 239. Copyright: © 2020 Karki B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Entomol Ornithol Herpetol, Vol.18 Iss.01 No:1000239 1