Central European Journal of Chemistry
* E-mail: ashokrollahi@mail.yu.ac.ir
Combination of cloud point extraction and
fame atomic absorption spectrometry for
preconcentration and determination of trace
iron in environmental and biological samples
Received 10 February 2008; Accepted 26 March 2008
Abstract: In the presented work, the conditions for cloud point extraction of iron from aqueous solutions using 7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinolin-5-
sulphonic acid (Ferron) was investigated and optimized. The procedure is based on the separation of its ferron complex into the micel-
lar media by adding the surfactant Triton X-114. After phase separation, the surfactant-rich phase was dissolved with 1.0 M HNO
3
in methanol. Iron was determined by fame atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimization of the pH, ligand and surfactant quantities,
incubation time, temperature, viscosity, sample volume, and interfering ions were investigated. The effects of the matrix ions were
also examined. The detection limits for three times the standard deviations of the blank for iron was 0.4 ng m L
-1
, enrichment factor
of 19.6 and preconcentration factor of 30 could be achieved. The validity of cloud point extraction was checked by employing real
samples including soil, blood, spinach, milk, meat, liver and orange juice samples using the standard addition method, which gave
satisfactory results.
© Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Keywords: 7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinolin-5-sulphonic acid (Ferron) • Iron • Cloud point extraction • Triton X-114 •
Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
1
Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2
Chemistry Department, University of Erciyes,
38039 Kayseri, Turkey
Mehrorang Ghaedi
1
, Ardeshir Shokrollahi
1*
, Raziyeh Mehrnoosh
1
,
Omid Hossaini
1
, Mustafa Soylak
2
Research Article
Abbreviation
TAN and Phen - tannins and other phenolic compound,
PMBP - 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone,
GF-AAS - graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,
FAAS - fame atomic absorption spectrometry.
1. Introduction
It is widely accepted that the presence of Fe(III), alone
or in combination has benefcial or deleterious effects
on the properties of many substances and the nature
of various biological systems. It provides a fundamental
structure of hemoglobin, myoglobin, hem-enzymes and
many co-factors involved in enzyme activities. Trace
amounts of Fe(III) in various substances may be vital
and can promote rancidity. It plays a central role in the
biosphere and serves as the active center of proteins
responsible for O
2
transport and electron transfer
mechanisms and of metallo-enzymes such as oxidases,
reductases, and dehydrases [1]. Fe(III) may control the
mobility and toxicity of other metals, whilst Fe(III) may
also be a limited nutrient for phytoplankton growth in
the open ocean [2,3], Fe(II) is probably the preferred
nutrient [4-6].
The concentration of Fe
3+
. ions in biological fuids
is usually found at trace level, requiring sensitive
instrumental techniques. Frequently a pre-concentration
step is required when a complex matrix has to be
analyzed. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)
Cent. Eur. J. Chem. • 6(3) • 2008 • 488–496
DOI: 10.2478/s11532-008-0049-9
488
Unauthenticated
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