International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 4(3), 61-70, July-September 2013 61 Copyright © 2013, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Scenario-Patent Protection Compared to Climate Change: The Case of Green Patents Araken Alves de Lima, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Patricia Carvalho dos Reis, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Julio César Moreira Reis Castelo Branco, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Rodrigo Danieli, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Cibele Cristina Osawa, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Eduardo Winter, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Douglas Alves Santos, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ABSTRACT The United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took effect as a treaty in 1994 to promote international cooperation in the fght against global warming. Currently, nearly 190 countries are signatories of the UNFCCC, which has had successive additions as the Kyoto Protocol (1997). In 1995, the Climate Technology Initiative was established within the UNFCCC to encourage international cooperation in the accelerated development and diffusion of environmentally Sound Technologies - EST. Such technologies are also capable of protection provided by patents, and this kind of protection is a valuable tool for the industrial production inventions to become a worthwhile investment, contributing to economic development. Many patent applications claim advantages relative to effciency, waste reduction, or even the costs of operation/ manufacturing. However, the diffculty of accurately distinguishing the EST’s technologies among others, which are those that only claim environmental benefts, compared to those who actually have a higher potential to promote a more positive impact on the environment directed. This study aims to report some performance initiatives in relations between technologies, focusing on the so-called “GREEN”, and the effects of climate change. Some initiatives have already been started in countries such as Australia, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Japan, South Korea and Israel. These nations are constituted in the form of their industrial property offces, as entities that have implemented regulations regarding the patentability of requests for green technologies or EST’s such requests are known as “green patents” applications. In this context, it is highlighted that the defnition of “green patents” differs from country to country and this leads to greater uncertainty in this designation, with the codes of the International Patent Classifcation (IPC) should be DOI: 10.4018/jsesd.2013070105