f Language Learning 44:3, September 1994, pp. 417—448 Motivation, Self-Confidence, and Group Cohesion in the Foreign Language Classroom Richard Clement University of Ottawa Zoltdn Dornyei Eotvos University Kimberly A. Noels University of Ottawa Defining the motivational basis of second and foreign language acquisition has been at the center of much re- search and controversy for many years. The present study applied social psychological constructs to the acquisition of English in the unicultural Hungarian setting. A total of 301 Grade 11 students from the region of Budapest an- swered a questionnaire assessing their attitude, anxiety, and motivation toward learning English, as well as their perception of classroom atmosphere and cohesion. In addition, their teachers rated each of the students on proficiency and a number of classroom behaviors and evaluated the relative cohesion of each class group. Factor This research was supported in part by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to R. Clement and by a grant from the Hungari'aniScientific Foundation to Z. Dornyei. We express our gratitude to the teachers and students of the Budapest schools who participated in this study, to Emese Koppany, Elena Mihu, Nelli Szakacs, and fldiko Szigeti for their assistance in collecting and analyzing the data, and to Peter Maclntyre for his comments on a previous version of this paper. Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Richard Clement, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, KIN 6N5, Canada. E-mail: rxcch@acadvml.uottawa.ca 417