International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2022 Vol. 6, Issue 10, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 153-159 Published Online February 2022 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) 153 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MGIRI MODIFIED NMC CHARKHA Sachin Raut, Deep Varma, Shubham Chaudhary, Ravikumar Kandasamy, Ganesh There Rural Energy & Infrastructure Department MGIRI, Wardha, Maharashtra, India Abstract—Charkha is a small spinning device produces yarns from fibers, which can be used to make clothes. The demand for cotton fabrics in the modern world has increased the production of cotton fabrics, making them more readily available. To increase production, charkhas are operated on electricity or on a battery-operated system. There is no reliable electricity available in most of India's rural areas. Due to low population density, there is much expense associated with installing and maintaining transmission lines. As a result, some areas will lack access to reliable electricity. For the elimination of manual labour operation of charkha by using electricity is the simplest option. However, there are some issues, like the yarn produced by using electrically operated charkha does not meet the definition of khadi that is the reason the option of using electrically operated charkha is not taken significantly. A detailed study was carried out on the design and analysis of the MGIRI modified NMC charkha. The basic necessity of this study is to enhance income and reduce drudgery. Efforts have been made to modify the existing design in order to increase productivity and ease of use. In the design, the mode and means of motion transmission have been redesigned. Reduction in rotating elements (gears and pulleys), the addition of bearings, and reduction in the weight of the machine have been undertaken. Keywords—NMC Charkha, Khadi, Drudgery, Productivity, Redesigned I. INTRODUCTION A turning wheel or charkha is a device for turning yarn from natural or synthetic fibres. The most precise and clear depictions of the turning wheel come from Baghdad (attracted 1237), China (1270), and Europe (1280), and there is evidence that turning wheels were already in use in both China and the Islamic world during the 11th century. A spinning wheel was brought to India from Iran in the thirteenth century, according to writing. The spinning wheel supplanted the preceding technique of hand spinning with a spindle. The main level in automating the interaction becomes mounting the spindle horizontally so it could be circled by way of a cord encircling a large, hand-driven wheel. In an example of this kind, the great wheel holds the fiber in the left hand while turning steadily with the right. Keeping the fiber at a slight point in opposition to the spindle produced the important twist. In order to wound the yarn onto the spindle, it was moved so that it formed a right angle with the spindle. The charkha is designed to produce yarn by means of the manner called turning or spinning. The word charkha means wheel and it is being used for spinning the rowing cotton into thread. Charkhas are available in 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 spindle models. Hand powered charkhas are powered by the spinner rotating a handle with their hand, as opposed to pressing pedals or using a mechanical engine. New Model Charkha (NMC) is exceptionally famous across the country (India) for delivering coarse to fine-count cotton, blended and worsted yarns. This machine consisting of 8 spindles is turned by hand in a sitting posture by the operator. The departments of MGIRI work on their research and provide the solution on problems arises in the small-scale industries. RE&I (Rural energy and infrastructure) department of MGIRI act as a technical agency to support various small-scale industries. MGIRI’s RE&I department has come up with an improved version of NMC with changing mean and mode of motion transmission by transmitting power with the help of chain sprocket arrangement to significant reduction in torque for operating the charkha also Reduction in rotating elements (gears and pulleys), addition of bearings, these changes brought by the department helps to reduce the drudgery of the operator and improvement in the strength of yarn. 1.1 Yarn production through pollution free hand driven energy In a motorized or mechanized spinning factory, 221.1kWh of energy is consumed per 1000 spindles, out of which 69% is consumed in the ring frame area and the cooling or air- conditioning section. The required energy to spin ring yarn varies between 3.49 and 3.62 kWh/kg. A large part of this energy can be saved through charkha spinning system. Very low power is required to operate the charkha, higher cost effectiveness with better returns on investment. 1.2 Definition of Khadi A lot has been talked and examined about Khadi. Some associate it with the freedom movement and the Gandhian way of thinking. Others accept it as our future means to a feasible economy. Leaving aside all philosophical implications. Khadi