1517 ISSN 0001-4338, Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 2019, Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 1517–1525. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2019. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Geofizicheskie Protsessy i Biosfera, 2019, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 57–66. Observations of Modern Crustal Deformations in Moscow Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems A. P. Mironov a, *, A. A. Suchilin b , and E. A. Rogozhin c a Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia b Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia c Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123242 Russia *e-mail: almir@physics.msu.ru Abstract—This article presents the results of processing observations of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) at satellite-geodetic stations located in Moscow, including stations of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute (SAI) and the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU). Horizontal velocities of stations are estimated in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2008) and fixed Eurasia (ITRF2008–EURA). The results show good data quality and consistent velocity of stations in the ITRF2008. The specificity of the calculated local velocities is due to the fault-block structure of the geolog- ical environment of Moscow. Anomalously high vertical velocities are detected on Vorobyovy Gory. Appar- ently, they are associated with the geodynamic features of the active landslide slope of Vorobyovy Gory, as well as with the proximity of the stations and reservoir of the Leninogorsk water distribution facility of the Mosvodokanal, which creates regular periodic loads on the soil. Keywords: modern geodynamics, satellite geodesy, GNSS, modern crustal deformations, deep fault, litho- spheric block DOI: 10.1134/S0001433819100074 INTRODUCTION Observations of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have been widely used to study geodynamics in recent decades. Unlike classical terrestrial surveying, satellite geodesy makes it possible to carry out multidi- mensional area observations with less labor costs and significantly improve the measurement accuracy. In the Moscow metropolitan area, there is a network of GNSS reference stations created for coordinate-time and navigation support. The first research stations were created in 1995 at the Astronomical Observatory of the Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sci- ences near Zvenigorod (international code ZWE2), in 2000 at the Geophysical Service of the Russian Acad- emy of Sciences in Obninsk (MOBN), and in 2001 at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physi- cal-Engineering and Radiotechnical Metrology in the urban locality of Mendeleevo, Moscow oblast (MDVJ). Measurements from the stations are transferred to the international centers for processing of GNSS measure- ments (International GNSS Service (IGS), official website at http://www.igs.org/) and are added to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2008, official website at http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/). The coordi- nates and velocities of these stations are defined in the ITRF2008 for any time with very high accuracy, which makes it possible to use them as references on the Earth’s surface. Therefore, the addition of measure- ments at reference stations to the joint processing makes it possible to align stations with the ITRF2008 and con- sider all measurements in a single reference frame. In 2007, the SAI created GNSS stations at the Kras- nopresnenskii Observatory (SAIP) and, in 2009, in the main building of the institute at Universitetskii Pros- pekt (SAIG). Since 2016, the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University at the meteorological station on Vorobyovy Gory (MSGF) also installed GNSS equipment, which is used for continuous monitoring. In addition to the above stations, in Moscow there is a long-term reference station of the Federal Scientific and Technical Center for Geodesy, Cartography, and Spatial Data Infrastructure (CNG1). The Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University has been long cooperating with G.F.K. LLC, an official distributor of Leica Geosystems (Switzerland) surveying equipment in Russia. G.F.K. LLC created a GNSS reference sta- tion in Moscow (GFK1), and observations from it were processed as part of this work. There are a number of commercial satellite-geodetic networks in Moscow and the Moscow metropolitan area in addition to research stations. The data from these networks are in demand in civil engineering and cadastral surveys. The Mosgorgeotrest network is the most representative one. According to the National