Cereal Chemistry. 2019;00:1–11. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cche
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1 © 2019 Cereals & Grains Association
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INTRODUCTION
Deoxynivalenol (DON; 3α,7α,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxy-
trichothec-9-en-8-one; vomitoxin), a highly water-soluble type
B trichothecene, is a prevalent mycotoxin contaminating cereal
commodities, such as wheat, corn, barley, rye, and oat (Wu,
Lohrey, Cramer, Yuan, & Humpf, 2011). DON is produced
by two important cereal pathogens, Fusarium graminearum
Schwabe and F. culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc., both responsi-
ble for head blight in wheat (Moss, 2002). Fusarium head blight
(FHB) is likely to occur during wheat growth under humid and
temperate weather (21–25°C), causing a decrease in wheat yield
and raises food safety concerns due to mycotoxin accumulation
(Moss, 2002; Wang et al., 2016). Consumption of grain or grain
products that contain DON can cause digestive disorders and
emesis in animals and humans (Wu et al., 2011). In this regard,
Received: 30 September 2019
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Revised: 1 December 2019
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Accepted: 4 December 2019
DOI: 10.1002/cche.10245
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Wet milling of deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat: Effect on
physicochemical properties of starch
Ana M. Magallanes López
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Frank A. Manthey
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Senay Simsek
Department of Plant Sciences, Cereal
Science Graduate Program, North Dakota
State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Correspondence
Senay Simsek, Department of Plant
Sciences, Cereal Science Graduate
Program, North Dakota State University,
Fargo, ND, USA.
Email: senay.simsek@ndsu.edu
Abstract
Background and objectives: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a water-soluble mycotoxin
that contaminates cereals, causing a negative economic impact on producers. Wet
milling is a process that separates plant components based on chemistry (starch,
gluten, lipid, and fiber), which can result in profitable products for the ingredients
market. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of three laboratory-scale
wet-milling processes (Martin, medium shear, and high shear) on the extraction and
functionality of starch from wheat samples containing DON.
Findings: DON concentration in farina (3.0 mg/kg) and semolina (8.8 mg/kg) ex-
ceeded the security threshold for human consumption. After wet milling, DON was
not detectable in the starch fraction. Starch produced from the medium shear process
had significantly (p ≤ .05) lower protein contamination while transition temperatures
significantly (p ≤ .05) decreased compared to the other two wet-milling procedures.
Martin process resulted in the method with the greatest starch damage and signifi-
cantly (p ≤ .05) different thermal and pasting properties when compared to medium
and high shear processes.
Conclusions: The three laboratory-scale wet-milling processes were effective for
obtaining starch free of DON. Depending on the wet-milling process applied, differ-
ences were detected regarding physical damage of the granules, and the proportion of
A and B granules which impacted the viscous and thermal properties.
Significance and novelty: Wet milling provides a valuable alternative for the use of
DON-contaminated grain in the industrial production of wheat starch.
KEYWORDS
deoxynivalenol, durum wheat, spring wheat, starch, wet-milling